Group Case 3: Mci Communications Corp., 1983

Gathering Case 3: MCI Communications Corp. , 1983 Executive Summary Assumptions coming up next are the suppositions we made through the entire investigation. The anticipated incomes from 1983 to 1990 were expected to follow the example in Exhibit 9A, in spite of the vulnerability of the higher access charge and rivalry increment. The minor assessment rate is 30% during that period. The firm should keep insignificant money equalization of $100 million to help its working activities.However, the difference in working NWC is thought to be zero. Figuring To ascertain the outer financing needs during the period 1983-1990, we have to compute the net income from activity (I. e. the free income short after duty intrigue paid). Alongside the money toward the start of the year and the necessary least money balance, we can get the outside financing requirement for every year. See point by point estimation in Exhibit 1.However, because of the vulnerability of access charge change and rivalry, th e working edge would increment or reduction by as much as 7% from the forecast, in spite of the fact that the administration was focused on the anticipated income levels. In this way, the outer financing needs would differ correspondingly. See point by point count in Exhibit 2, and 3. The outside financing needs under three situations are summed up beneath. In 1983, the organization had no outside financing needs, as it simply brought $400 million up in March.From 1984 to 1987, the financing needs stayed with expanding, as the organization attempted to extend. From that point forward, there was no outer financing need as the income are in acceptable levels, with the exception of on account of troublesome circumstance where it despite everything needs $270. 78 million of every 1988. [pic] Recommendations and Conclusion [pic] Exhibit 1 Operating Margin at Predicted levels [pic] Exhibit 2 Operating Margin Decreased by 7% [pic] Exhibit 3 Operating Margin Increased by 7%

Same Sex Marraiges in the United States Essay Example For Students

Same Sex Marraiges in the United States Essay Same-Sex Marriages In the United States How do most couples show the world that they are in a cherishing, dedicated, serious relationship? How can one express that they need to spend an incredible remainder with one specific individual? This is typically done through a marriage, celebrated by a wedding, guaranteed by a marriage permit. Gay people are human; in this manner they are equipped for cherishing someone else similarly as any hetero human. However, gay people can't acquire a marriage permit. This should be changed. At present in the United States there is a lot of lawful and social movement encompassing the chance of the legitimization of gay marriage. As of December 1995, a law case in progress in Hawaii may lay the ground for legitimate acknowledgment of same-sex associations. Such legitimate moves, just as the endeavors by lesbian and gay couples to be perceived all things considered, face condemnation from some preservationist voices who state that ordinarily and heavenly will just connections among people can be viewed as characteristic. What's more, to be completely forthright, there is likewise a disquiet communicated by some lesbian and gay activists who, reviewing the investigate of man centric society made by 1970s woman's rights, consider union with be a hopelessly hetero establishment. Same-sex relationships ought to be legitimate wherever in the United States of America. As per the Constitution, marriage is a common right that all Americans are brought into the world with. Our nation has chosen by passing the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in 1996 that two individuals of a similar sex can't get hitched. By removing this essential common right, America has opposed what our Founding Fathers based our nation one, opportunity. Gay people are permitted to talk openly, to carry weapons, to have security, to be ensured. Shouldn't something be said about to wed? It isn't right to put together a people social equality with respect to sexuality. Alongside the fundamental common option to wed, there are different rights that the Defense of Marriage Act denies gay people. Rights that wedded individuals underestimate, for example, the capacity to visit a debilitated or harmed life partner in the medical clinic, are denied to gay and lesbian individuals. Due to the law, emergency clinics and different organizations don't need to regard the fundamental human privileges of gay and lesbian couples. In like manner, on the off chance that one accomplice in a wedded couple is truly sick and weakened, the other life partner ought to have the option to settle on choices with respect to their consideration and guardianship. This essential right of guardianship is denied to gay and lesbian couples, in light of the fact that, once more, their serious relationships are not perceived under the law. In the event that one accomplice is weakened, the other accomplice isn't given the option to settle on fundamental medicinal services choices. On the off chance that gay couples had lawful organizations, there would not be any instances of disarray over guardianship or appearance in places like emergency clinics. As indicated by the American Civil Liberties Union, huge numbers of the advantages of marriage that gay people are denied include: government benefits like Social Security and Medicare; clinic appearance rights; extraordinary rates and exclusions on assessment forms; joint kid care; joint protection strategies; programmed legacy without a will; settling on clinical choices for an accomplices sake; and picking a last resting place for a perished accomplice. While none of these are motivations to get hitched, they are altogether advantages and advantages that gay people ought not be precluded just in light of the fact that from securing their decision of an accomplice. They are rights that gay people are qualified for and merit, and are rights that they would have the option to profit by if same-sex relationships were sanctioned. It is anticipated that there would be an enormous annual expense income, and that should make most duty paying residents glad. In most same-sex couples, the two individuals hold employments so they are the two workers. A wedded couple with two workers typically has a high personal expense, which means more cash for the legislature. In this way, if same-sex relationships are permitted, the expense income will increment because of more relationships comprising of two workers. It is obvious to see that they merit these rights as much as hetero couples do, and that their decision of accomplice ought not influence these fundamental rights. .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .postImageUrl , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:hover , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:visited , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:active { border:0!important; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:active , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } . u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Virgil's Aeneid Essay In the web source: www.lambdalegal.org, the article states, Same-sex couples need to get hitched for the equivalent .

Youve been accepted, but should you accept

Youve been accepted, but should you accept You’ve filled out the applications, waited months to hear back, and now you’ve been admitted to all of your top-choice colleges. So which offer should you accept? Deciding which college to attend might be the biggest decision you’ve ever had to make. It’s natural to stress out, but here are 3 reasons why you shouldnt.   1. There isnt one right answer. Talking about college “decisions” sometimes makes it sound like there’s a right answer and a wrong answer, and that your decision is final. Sure, some places might not be right for you (consider the Ornery Institute for Spiders, for instance), but you have so many valid options. Think about this instead as a college “choice,” where youre choosing among several very qualified contenders. Many paths will bring you where you want to go, and infinitely more will bring you happiness. If you don’t believe us, remember this: In the end, success in college isn’t determined by where you go, but what you do with your undergraduate experience. You can find success wherever you choose if you look hard enough. Figure out what your non-negotiables are and use those to narrow down your list. Then make a choice from there. You’ll be A-okay. 2. It’s alright if you change your mind. College is a time to gain new experiences and insights, and this means you’ll learn more about yourself. It’s totally normal for your goals and priorities to change along the way. Usually, the two decisions students stress about most are 1) which college to go to and 2) what to major in. Remember that you can change your mind about both of these things. A lot of people transfer to a new school or change their major if things aren’t working out. You probably even know somebody who’s done so. The path you’re envisioning now is bound to change at some point, and that’s okay. Maybe you’ll discover a passion for social work you didn’t know you had, or maybe you’ll realize you don’t actually like being so far from the city. Maybe youll decide you want to pursue art, or maybe you’re over that making-statues-out-of-insect-wings-and-mayonnaise phase of your life. Whatever the case, you can always restructure your plan. 3. You’re not alone. Everyone who has received their acceptance letters is here with you. Some students’ decisions might be harder than others, but everyone has to make a choice. If they can do it, so can you. The good thing is that tons of people are here to help you make your decision easier. Talk to your high school counselor, a teacher, a close friend, a relative, or your faithful toy elephant. They can listen as you work out your thoughts and give you the perspective that’s so often lacking in times of anxiety. Whether you’re choosing between 12 colleges or 2, over a million different paths lie ahead of you. No one right answer exists, because you can find happiness in so many different places. Always, always, always remember how many good options you have and that you can make a change if things aren’t working out. Best of luck in your choosing, and enjoy the paths that follow. admitted planning Illinois Admissions We're here for you as you prepare for college. Whether you're looking for guidance on the college search process or have questions about Illinois, we hope our blogs will help!

What is a Mandative Subjunctive Definition and Examples

The use of the subjunctive mood in a subordinate clause that follows an expression of command, demand, or recommendation. Like the formulaic subjunctive, the mandative subjunctive consists of the base form of the verb. It is distinctive only in the third-person singular of the present tense. (In other words, the -s ending is omitted.) In the Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar (1994), Chalker and Weiner note that the mandative subjunctive has made a considerable comeback in British English in recent years, probably under American influence. Yet in all varieties of English, the mandative subjunctive is far more common in writing than in speech. Examples and Observations: High school counselors recommended she go to vocational school instead of college, even though she was in the National Honor Society.(Sylvia Mendoza, The Book of Latina Women. Adams Media, 2004)[T]he Judge was chipper as he insisted that the Carrot Orange Bisque be the first course for the anniversary celebration.(Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, and Diana von Welanetz Wentworth, Chicken Soup for the Soul Cookbook. HCI Books, 1995)Dr. King felt his training demanded that he bring to the Dexter Avenue congregation the greatest social gospel and action program it had ever experienced.(Ralph Abernathy, quoted by David Garrow in Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. HarperCollins, 1986)But Ive never even tried to write a story, Ellison protested when Wright suggested he take up writing.(Ralph Ellison, quoted by Timothy Parrish in Ralph Ellison and the Genius of America. University of Massachusetts Press, 2012) Regional Trends in the Use of the Mandative Subjunctive Divergent regional trends in the use of the subjunctive have been noted by a number of modern English grammarians. Use of the mandative subjunctive, i.e. after expressions of demand, recommendation, intention, etc., seems to have varied considerably. AmE is strongly inclined to use the mandative subjunctive, as in I recommend that he talk to a specialist, while BrE prefers the periphrastic construction with the modal auxiliary should, as in I recommend that he should talk to a specialist.Australian use of the mandative subjunctive lies somewhere between that of AmE and BrE, in comparative corpus data used by Peters (1998a). (Peter Collins and Pam Peters, Australian English: Morphology and Syntax. A Handbook of Varieties of English: A Multi-Media Reference Tool, ed. by Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider. Mouton de Gruyter, 2005) The Future of the Mandative Subjunctive [MS] in World English [T]he future of MS still looks rather constrained. It is still largely confined to institutional kinds of speech, and not readily used in ordinary conversation. The linguistic constraints on its use include the fact that the suasive verbs like demand which currently show the highest frequencies of MS also have rather specialized uses, because of the unequal interpersonal relationship they presuppose, and discoursal settings in which they can be used. Even where it is demonstrably still current usage, MS seems to be marked rather than stylistically neutral. . . . Its popularity probably varies within particular English-speaking communities, which may lead to declining use over the course of time. (Pam Peters, The Mandative Subjunctive in Spoken English. Comparative Studies in Australian and New Zealand English: Grammar and Beyond, ed. by Pam Peters, Peter Collins, and Adam Smith. John Benjamins, 2009)

quot;The Ravenquot; - a Critical Deconstruction Essay...

Edgar Allen Poes journey into the realm of death, fear and the macabre, The Raven is an exploration into the loneliness and despair associated with the loss of a loved one. Through the clever use of rhyme, meter, imagery, symbolism and word choice, Poe catapults us into a world of sinister images, morbid predilections and unearthly machinations. We are, at once, submerged in the pulsing, driving force of supernatural fear as only Poe is able to create. And with every use of the haunting refrain Nevermore, upon which the chilling cadence of this poem is built, Poe transforms a story steeped in remorse and sorrow into a tale of preternatural mystery and suspense. The first, and most powerful literary device that Poe†¦show more content†¦With the use of the alliteration weak and weary, in addition to the internal rhyme of dreary and weary, we are instantly struck by the tone of the poem as being one of loneliness, grief and depression. In the second stanza, we are more fully enlightened to the setting from which these emotions stem. With the use of such phrases like bleak December and dying ember, Poe conveys the speakers internal state with the use of external clues. In both cases, the word choice seems to transmit feelings of isolation and misery from which the speaker wishes to find relief. And, it is here that we are first introduced to the reason for his sorrow, his lost love Lenore. It is from this base of raw emotion and desolate misery that the poem garners speed and evolves. Poes use of symbolism is another potent tool with which he imparts the meaning and depth of the poem. First and foremost, we must decipher the significance and implication of the raven itself. The embodiment of death, the bird signifies the very issue with which the speaker is grappling. In the suggestion that the bird has come from the Nights Plutonian shore, Poe calls upon the myth of Pluto, the God of the Underworld, the land of the dead in Greek mythology. The Raven, therefore, may be thought of as a creature from the land of the dead. The corresponding relevance of this in the poem is that his loss and grief have taken on a living and

The Background of Ingvar Kamprad Free Essays

I’m gonna talk about Ingvar Kamprad. He was born 30th  Mars, 1926 in Kronobergs municipality. He’s a Swedish entrepreneur and founder of the furniture chain IKEA. We will write a custom essay sample on The Background of Ingvar Kamprad or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ingvar founded IKEA in 1943 and the name stands for his initials and address. – Ingvar Kamprad, Elmtaryd, Agunnaryd. (Write up on whiteboard. ) – Kamprad is currently ranked as one of the wealthiest people in the world. In July 2012, the time script Bloomberg estimated that his net worth was up to 42. 6 billion dollars, which makes him the 5th richest person in the world. Kamprad was born in Pjatteryd, Sweden. He was raised on a farm called Elmtaryd near the small village of Agunnaryd in Ljungby municipality in the province of Smaland. His grandfather was from Germany but moved to Sweden with his family. Kamprad is very well-known for his â€Å"cheapness. † He drives a 1993 Volvo 240, flies only economic class and encourages IKEA employees always to write on both sides of a piece of paper. Kamprad explains his social philosophy like this: â€Å"Testament of a Furniture Dealer†: â€Å"It is not only for cost reasons that we avoid the luxury hotels. We don’t need flashy cars, impressive titles, uniforms or other status symbols. We rely on our strength and our will! † Kamprad began to develop a business as a young boy, selling matches to neighbors from his bicycle. He found that he could buy matches in bulk very cheap from Stockholm, sell them himself and make a good profit. From matches, he started selling fish, Christmas tree decorations and seeds. And now I’m gonna talk about the history of IKEA. As I mentioned earlier, Kamprad started selling matches at the age of five and by the age of seven he started selling further from his home, using his bicycle. In the 1940s Kamprad started developing IKEA into a furniture retailer. In the 1960s IKEA started getting bigger and the big products such as POANG and BILLY started developing. In the 1980s IKEA expands into new markets in USA, Italy, France and the UK. In 1990s children’s IKEA is introduced, and in 2000’s IKEA expands into even more markets such as Japan and Russia. And now I’m going to talk about the qualities of Ingvar Kamprad as an entrepreneur. Well, one thing that I find very important is the fact that he actually shows that even though you’re extremely rich, you still don’t have to live a glamorous life. As I’ve mentioned, he drives an old Volvo and travels economic class. By this it encourages the employees to do the same thing, to live cheap. And this is why I think IKEA’s been such a huge success. You can of course argue that he’s been at the right place at the right time, but I think that’s his kind of spirit that moves the company forward. Thank you. How to cite The Background of Ingvar Kamprad, Papers

The Effects of Classical Music on Cognition free essay sample

Alma of project To test the effects of classical music from the Baroque era on the short term memory and mathematical problem solving components of cognition. * Hypotheses Primary Hypothesis * The spring segment from the classical Baroque composition Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi, improves the short term memory and mathematical problem solving components of cognition respectively. Secondary Hypothesis * The short term memory component of cognition will show a higher Improvement as a result of stimulation by the classical Baroque music than the mathematical problem solving component of cognition. * IntroductionThe Mozart effect, a widely debated topic between 1990 and 1999, was what many researchers used to describe the effects of classical music on cognitive abilities. The relationship between music and learning has been an area of Interest for researchers for many years. Some studies have shown that music can enhance cognitive abilities and others have shown that it can interfere with complex cognitive processes but not simple processes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Classical Music on Cognition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 2004, researchers conducted a study that presented the effect of Mozart music on learning, The effect demonstrated that there may be an important relationship between certain types of music (e. Classical) and learning. The proposed Increase In the construction of alpha waves may result In positive learning ability. Other studies on the Mozart Effect, however, have produced inconsistent results, often showing no significant increase in cognitive abilities. The effect of classical music on heart rate is what led me to believe that classical music from the Baroque era could enhance learning abilities. Baroque music is the style of Western art music composed from approximately 1600 to 1750. It is often composed of a very complex combination on dramatic high and low notes, played in kick succession.It is believed that Baroque music triggers the left and right sides of the brain, which stimulates and optimizes learning and information retention. The stimulation of the brain as a result of classical music can be associated with lowering of heart rate when listening to classical music. The listeners heart beats slower and as a result of this their respiratory system functions at a more relaxed pace as well. They take deeper breaths resulting more oxygenated blood (as opposed to when not listening to classical music) reaching the brain and stimulating cerebral activity.The listeners blood pressure also drops as a result of the relaxed heart rate and they feel less stressed and more confident when carrying out tasks especially useful to students as it could help them retain more informa tion in less time resulting in higher test scores. By conducting a survey to determine whether or not students use classical music to enhance cognitive abilities and an experiment to determine if classical does in fact enhance cognitive abilities, I hope introduce a method of cerebral stimulation capable of improving the problem solving and short-term memory components of ignition to improve students academic abilities. Variables * Independent Variable: Whether or not the classical music is being played. * Dependent Variables: Amount of correctly solved equations correctly : Amount of words remembered : Effect of classical music on heart rate * Controlled/Constant variables: The test subjects (test subjects must have completed both sections of the test) seconds) equations look at : Period for which music is played (30 : Difficulty of : Amount of time test subject is given to word lists (1 5 seconds) : The amount of words on the word : The classical composition played to test object (Spring by Antonio Vivaldi) at which test subjects heart rates are taken. Method : The periods l. Test subject is given a form consisting of three parts: A questionnaire for survey purposes, Test 1 to be completed with no stimuli; consisting of test 1 . 1: Simple Equations and test 1. 2: Memory and Test 2 to be completed using the composition segment Spring by Antonio Vivaldi as stimulus; consisting of test 2. 1 : Simple Equations and test 2. 2: Memory. II. Test subject is given unlimited amount of time to complete questionnaire section of form for survey purposes. This includes the following questions: a.Do you use any other kind of stimuli to improve your cognitive abilities? (If Yes, please elaborate) b. Do you listen to music while studying or doing homework? (If yes, why and what kind of music? ) c. Do you listen to classical music on a regular basis? (Why or why not? ) Ill. The test subjects heart rate in beats per minute is taken using the Android Cardiograph application by MACROSCOPIC. IV. The test subject is timed while completing four simple algebraic equations taken from the eighth grade algebra a) x+7=1 5 b) 1 5-y=45 c) 1 5-P=30 d) 12+f=100 V.The time taken for the test subject to complete this section is recorded. VI. The test subject is given a list of ten words and fifteen seconds to memories as many of the words as possible. List consists of the following words. * Hammer * Number * Fish * Purple * Bag * Ribbon * Mouse * Slippers * Finger * Doll VI. The test subject is instructed to say stop when they cannot remember any more words. VIII. The test subject is timed while writing down as many of the words as they can remember X. The time taken for the test subject to complete this section is recorded.X. The test subject listens to thirty seconds of the spring segment of Antonio Vivaldi Four Seasons composition. X. The test subjects heart rate in beats per minute is taken using the Android Cardiograph application by MACROSCOPIC XII. The test subject is timed while completing four simple algebraic equations taken from the eighth grade algebra section of www. Antihistamines. Com , the following equations must be completed: a) 13+1?20 b) 4-k=16 c) a+17=80 d) c-4=8 XIII. The time taken for the test subject to complete this section is recorded. XIV.Increase I Same I Decrease * Analysis In the math section five of the ten test subjects (50%) had no change in their marks Ninth and without classical music. Four (40%) experienced a decrease in the second math section of the test and only one (10%) experienced an increase. This shows that In the five test subjects who experienced a change in mathematical cognition) the classical music actually decreased majority of the test subjects mathematical cognitive ability during the period of the test. 0% of the test subjects experienced an Increase in the amount of time they took to complete the equations (respective of Neither the answers were correct or not) and 30% experienced a decrease in the amount of time they took. In the memory section three test subjects (30%) remembered the same amount of Norms in both sections, while only one (10%) could remember an increased amount of Norms and the other six (60%) remembered fewer words. By this it can be concluded that the classical music did not enhance the short term memory aspect of cognition either. Six students reached the maximum amount of words they could remember in smaller amount of time with the classical music, and four took longer to reach the maximum amount of remembered words. One of the trends I noted in the experiment was that the increase in test scores here increases occurred where at higher percentages than the decreases; which could be seen in the short term memory cognition test; a student experiencing an example, whilst the percentages of the decreased test scores showed decreases of marginally smaller amounts like 10% in most cases.There appeared to be no trend in the increase or the decrease of the students heart rates and the test scores as students with an increased heart rate experienced increases as well as decreases in test scores and students a decreased heart rate experienced the same phenomenon This opposes the belief that a more relaxed or more anxious state influences cognitive abilities, and instead leads me to believe that each individuals cogniti ve abilities function at different optimal levels depending on the individuals preferences I. E. Whether they prefer to work under pressure or not.There also appeared to be no relation between the test subjects prior use of classical music as stimuli and the results of the experiment, as the 20% of test subjects who had used classical music as stimuli experienced similar effects to the 80% who had tot. Ere findings of this experiment have led me to believe that the supposed effect of classical music from the baroque era on cognition can be explained by a phenomenon similar to the placebo effect; that the effect of the classical music on cognition is entirely dependent on the test subjects individual belief in the classical musics ability to improve their cognition. If I were to repeat the experiment I would use a larger group of test subjects and different genres of music to determine if music has any effect on cognitive abilities and increase the accuracy of my results. The experiment could have been limited by the fact that test subjects would already have varying individual cognitive abilities and different levels of academic abilities. So the effect of the classical music could only be explained for each individual and not students in general. Conclusion Through my experiment and my analysis I was able to conclude that classical music has negative effects on the short term memory and mathematical problem solving components of cognition, because of this my primary hypothesis has been disproved. Ere secondary hypothesis of this experiment has been disproved as well, as neither impotent of cognition showed a overall increase in the test subjects so the short term memory component of cognition does not show a bigger improvement than the mathema tical problem solving component. References * Bowman, B. (2007). Does listening to Mozart affect listening ability? International Urinal of Listening, 21, ALL-139. * Festoon, S. (1973). Music as a distracted on reading-test Performance of eighth grade students. Perceptual and I Motor skills, 36, 1265-1266 * Hall, J. (1952) The affect of background music on the reading comprehension of 278 eighth and ninth * Journal of Educational Research, 45,ALL-458. Hall, S. The effects of background music on primary school Pupils task performance. Educational Studies, 28, 113-121. * Jackson, C. 2004). Route learning and the Mozart effect. Psychology of Music , * Acknowledgements would like to thank the following test subjects for their participation in this experiment by taking part in all components of the form handed to them: * Chance Fishhook * Noblemen Abide * Casey Pierce * Tootles Fakir * Dados Therefore * That Mongolia * Shawn Petersen * National Moles * Yeshiva Pictograms * Robin Arnold * Shania Modally * Ethyl Hubbard.

disorders essays

disorders essays Causes, Symptoms, Complications and Treatments for the eating disorder Anorexia Nervosa. Eating disorders are devastating behavioral maladies brought on by a complex interplay of factors, which may include emotional and personality disorder, family pressure, a possible genetic or biological susceptibility and a culture in which there is an over abundance of food and an obsession with thinness. Eating disorders are generally characterized as bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and eating disorders not other wise specified. According to the World of Psychology anorexia is defined as " an eating disorder characterized by an overwhelming, irrational fear of being fat, compulsive dieting to the point of self starvation and excessive weight loss."(World of Psychology Page 317). There are some causes, symptoms, complications and treatment of anorexia nervosa. There is no single cause for the eating disorder anorexia but a number of factors including emotional disorders and cultural influences. Researchers have shown that emotional disorders such as depression collaborate in causing anorexia nervosa. This is because most anorexic patients have been found to have abnormal levels of certain neurotransmitters particularly serotonin, that are associated with depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. According to a research conducted by Dr. John .E. Godine of Harvard Medical School " studies are finding that low blood levels of amino acid tryptophan, a component in food that is essential to the production of serotonin, can produce depression and may also contribute to anorexia nervosa" (Psychology Today Page 17, May 97). Researches have also shown that changes in seasons affects both depression and eating disorders and also that onset of anorexia appears to peak in May, which is also a peak month for suicide. Anxiety disorde rs are also very common with anorexia. Phobias and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) usu...

Write the Ideal Essay of the American Dream

Write the Ideal Essay of the American Dream Living The American Dream: Extraordinary Concepts That Can Assist All Learners Picking an extraordinary subject for the American dream article is a standout among the best techniques to utilize. However, you have to investigate it cautiously. Continue with this scholastic task by reflecting alternate points of view. Structure your American dream article in the wake of becoming familiar with the way of life, life, and social patterns of this strong nation. It ought to incorporate your solid proposition proclamation that presents key perspectives. Direct your inside and out research dependent on many fascinating measurements and thoughts identified with the American dream idea to inspire educators or teachers. Step by step instructions to compose the best American dream article Consider these imperative components when composing the American dream exposition: Sort out intriguing and reasonable American dream paper points to pick a decent one for your bit of composing; Use your productive expository aptitudes to outline a solid postulation proclamation; Write a different area with the meanings of imperative terms; Use pertinent statements to make your paper all the more engaging students; In a closing section, entirety up significant subtleties and repeat your proposal. How to make the American dream paper layout? Make the American dream article diagram by posting a subject sentence of each passage since its a basic method to guarantee that all areas will fill their particular needs. Dont hesitate to wipe out or join potential areas while plotting. That is because the primary draft may contain dreary thoughts or actualities that negatively affect the focal contention of your article about the American dream. If you have any issues with updating it, your framework offers an effective method to recognize the feeble and solid sides of your scholastic paper. How to compose the American dream article presentation An early on section gets ready learners for your significant contention. It should begin with a discourse of your picked American dream subject and offer to set to set them up for your theory explanation, which comes toward the finish of this area and states the focal contention or reason for the whole paper briefly and unmistakably. The presentation plans learners for your announcement. Content Sections Your task concerning the dream of America ought to contain the fundamental content with these essential components: Each passage needs a different theme sentence that presents its significant thought; Put enough proof, for example; master sites, insights, actualities, and other information to demonstrate it; A closing sentence should aggregate up all subtleties and incorporate smooth changes. The dream of America article end The American dream article end should both rehash your significant case and establish a link to a more extensive dialog. To do this, one should return to a postulation articulation and spotlight on completing your task by ignoring significant remarks, posing an additional report, or including a suggestion to take action rather than just repeating all focuses in the finish of your dream of America article. Why utilize a snare for American dream article? Contemplate the introductory sentence of your bit of composing as an appealing snare that catches students eye and enables you to roll them into the article. A snare for American dream exposition can be as provocative inquiries, intriguing statements, engaging accounts, little-known actualities, measurements, or whatever else. How to pick great American dream exposition themes? Many fascinating thoughts worry the American dream. However, its hard and befuddling to pick the best one. Search for something intriguing and a particular kind. Contemplate about the supplementary derelict of valuable recommendations. Normal subjects to expound on the dream of America Understanding the paper on the dream of America; Whether individuals need to pass judgment on how others accomplish their American dream; The Prodigious Gatsby dream of America article; A specific age of individuals who operated a great deal to ensure their dream of America materialize; Does the dream of America still live exposition today; Share your genuine belief regarding the dream of America; Is the American dream feasible exposition? Account and engaging themes for your American vision article Select an actual existence occasion or achievement that is a piece of the American vision; Explain to students how it resembles for foreigners to accomplish their American dream; Describe any individual youre acquainted with who made it work out as expected; Share your sentiment if the American dream’s merits seeking after. What are thoughts for school and secondary school understudies? Prejudices that demolished the American Dream; If its conceivable to resuscitate the first American Dream; The enhancement of the American Dream; True recipients of the American Dream; If the American vision is a false notion. In case youre attempting to expound on the American dream, use models underneath. If they arent sufficient to draft an ideal paper, get our expert help and request excellent custom composition administrations. Contract our accomplished creators to succeed. The understanding of the American dream paper The American vision has dependably been an imperative piece of the way of life and civilization in America. Regardless it stays applicable in present day times. The dream of America merits referencing that individuals cant quantify its roots on what they possess since they have to apply its standards to social issues and patterns. The initial segment is the fantasy of wealth. Its about the capacity to be loaded up with material merchandise. Numerous different nations begrudge a country or shoppers and makers because just a couple of them can coordinate the sheer scope of merchandise that America makes. Consider the fantasy of majority rule government and equivalent rights. This idea is about individuals capacity to purchase merchandise, paying little respect to their identity and where theyre from, and it connects back to their sacred rights. The fantasy of opportunity of decision is another critical part. It binds back to the constitution of the state that enables individuals to pick their very own ways of life, utilize distinctive merchandise, and discover the opportunity to become the people they want to become. Remember about the fantasy of curiosity. Its about the idea of a widening of the purchase decision, and it haggy affects the American culture today. Current abilities on interest continue changing after some time. Its a bit much for individuals to work in explicit regions to get along in their lives since they can make sure that theres dependably an interest to specialty aptitudes to furnish them with increased opportunities of the decision. The structure is huge for the American vision since it wouldnt have the capacity to drive forward without this authoritative record. These days, the American vision remains applicable. How individuals make it work out change, yet its essential standards continue as before, and the principle contrast is that youngsters pick advancement strategies to approach their interest. The American vision is an image of success. Does the American dream still exist paper today? A few people contend if the American dream remains realistic and alive. They all have one of a kind qualities and lives. This implies individuals have distinctive meanings of the American dream. One of the principal reasons why its flourishing is that there exist unlimited open doors that individuals get once a day. Numerous state-funded schools furnish their understudies with the devices and strategies they need to prosper, so its possibly up to them if to utilize them to accomplish life objectives or not. An additional fact that justifies America vision that individuals have several opportunities of job disposed to them. However, in the end, not everybody becomes a popular doctor or lawyer, though all of them can be prosperous and earn their livelihood. There are a lot of opportunities available in the world. There is a wide range of jobs to select from, like engineers, lab workers, technicians, electricians, apprentices, and construction laborers among others. There is no need of going to a training college. Several prosperous and successful individuals did not acquire a college degree, and this did not prevent them from ensuring their dream of America came true. What makes individuals have a feeling that the dream is not true today? A large number of individuals think in this manner at the end because of the influence the economy has on them. America is known to have a slower growth rate of the economy and weaker employment markets, and this is the reason most profits from interest rates are not disclosed to the public. National borrowing of the country is a bit high that is another factor that contributes, though it leads to increased taxes that enable the government to collect increased revenue. The basic undesirable influence of the national borrowing is intensifying inflation. Notably, it can result in a decreased living standard. Regardless of the undesirable patterns that have been mentioned above, desirable factors and concepts are attesting that the dream of America is still alive in the contemporary world. Several individuals relentlessly pursue it for diverse purposes. Some individuals want it for their happiness, whereas others opt to become wealthy or accomplish other goals of life.

Answar these Questione Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answar these Questione - Assignment Example This led to the development of the 1992 Civil Liability Convention and the 1992 Fund Convention. These two provide a wider range of  application  on  various  aspects, as well as more flexible limits of compensation than the previous versions of the convention (The Secretariat of the International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds, 2004). Any  individual  who has received more than 150 000 tonnes of crude oil, as well as  heavy  oil in one year, and is in a member state of the 1992 Fund Convention is  liable  to contribute to the fund. However, the levy of these contributions depends on reports of oil receipts with regards to  individual  contribution. The fact that the receiver could be a company owned by a state, a government agency, or a private company is a significant determinant of applying the  levy (International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds, 2009). According to the Gard Group (2011), member states need to report to the Fund Convention the name and address of any liable person to contribute and the  amount  of contributing oil they receive in that state, yearly. The only exceptions to reporting to the Fund Convention  are associated  persons such as subsidiaries and  commonly  controlled entities. In addition, the Fund levies annual contributions to its members who  pay  a certain amount per tonne of contributing oil they  receive, so as to meet the projected expenses of the coming year (The Secretariat of the International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds, 2004). In the 1992 Fund, there was a  protocol  adopted in 2003 that gave way to the establishment of the third tier of compensation on 3 March 2005, through the Supplementary Fund. The provision of the Supplementary Fund the  limitation  to paying for compensation for pollution  damage  for only the incidents that occur after the state in question accepts the Protocol. Notably, being a member of the Supplementary Fund is not a must and any

Business advantages for mobile apps Research Paper - 1

Business advantages for mobile apps - Research Paper Example The members of a business organization at various horizontals and verticals can stay focused, up-to-date and organized for all business operations. An overwhelming advantage is the cutting edge marketing procedure offered by the mobile applications. The launching of mobile applications is easier and faster than loading of a mobile website. The interference of mobile phones in the professional lives of people helps in reducing time for marketing products and services. The target customers can be reached through their mobile smart phones through promotional messages even when they cannot access their emails. The mobile applications are applications that are run through the internet and are intended to run on mobile smart phones and other mobile devices. The customized mobile applications developed by the business house allow the company to manifold its performance. The increased flexibility and performance is a key advantage of mobile application technology (Mallick, 2003, 196). Mobiles phones are personal devices and each person has a unique experience of accessing the mobile applications. Services like geo-location services, video footage and audio recordings for advertisements, news applications and various features attracts the interest of the customers to install the applications in their mobile devices (McClure et al, 2012, p. 10). The internet services that were previously available only on the desktops or laptops have now arrived on mobile phones. There are three distinct advantages identified with the use of mobile applications; these are â€Å"speed, volume of information, an d advertising† (Walters, 2012). Speed is of prime importance in today’s society. In our daily rat race most of us cannot afford to spend the amount of time staring at the computer while it boots up and gets ready for an internet session. Students, working people and others mostly access the internet these days on mobile phones. The mobile applications do not

The Simpsons: Appealing to the Middle-Class :: Composition Rhetoric

The Simpsons: Appealing to the Middle-Class For this assignment I watched the show The Simpsons, which comes on the Fox network on Sunday nights at eight. The show is about an animated nuclear family and their everyday lives. The Simpsons targets the middle class families that live in the suburbs of America. The show mainly appeals to families that composed of parents who work at blue-collar jobs and have children, between the ages of 10-18. You can tell this from the commercials, how The Simpsons life style is portrayed and the jokes contained in the show. The commercials seen along side the Simpsons apply to the middle class family. These commercials are meant for both the adults and the children who watch the Simpsons. One such commercial is for Toys R Us. The commercial shows a mom and dad taking their son to the local Toys R Us. Inside the store we get shots of the newest toys to appeal to the kids who are watching the commercial. The commercial then states that it has the most toys for the lowest price. This statement is meant to appeal to the parents who have a low income and can only buy toys that are inexpensive. Among other commercials that are viewed during The Simpsons are family vacation advertisements. One such one is of a family going to Disney world. The commercials states that Disney world has everything for everyone in the family. The advertisement shows the Dad playing golf, which is meant to appeal to the dads who watch the Simpsons. The commercial also shows the mom buying something at the gift shop, which is meant to appeal to the moms who watch the show. And finally the commercial shows the children going on the rides, which is meant to appeal to the kids who watch the show. Another commercial seen with The Simpsons is a commercial for a mini van. In this commercial the mini van is compared to a standard two-door car. The commercial asks, 'How are you going to fit your family in that two-door car';? This commercial is meant to appeal to people who have a large family that needs all that extra space only a mini van can provide. Also the min van comes equipped with a small T.V, and shows kids watching it. This is meant to appeal to children who now instead of just sitting there can watch TV on long trips.

Economics and B. Government C.

1. Which of the following is not a key trade-off faced by society? A. who gets good and service? B. whether or not to produce. C. how to produce? D. which goods and services to produce. 2. Most microeconomic models assume that decision markers wish to A. act selfishly. B. make themselves as well off as possible C. make others as well off as possible. D. none of the above. 3. What links the decisions of consumers and firms in market? A. coordination’s officials B. government C. prices D. microeconomics 4. The price of a good or service is: A. Always equal to the cost of producing the good B. Never affected by number of buyers and seller.C. Usually determined in a market. D. None of the above. 5. Economists make many assumptions to simplify their models because. A. they are lazy B. no one would understand complex models. C. the real world is too complex to analyze fully. D. none of the above. 6. Which of the following is an example of a positive statement? A. if you consume this good you, will get sick. B. since this good is bad for you, you should not consume it. C. if this good is bad for you, you should not consume it D. none of the above. 7. Which of the following is true. A. A normative economic stament is a testable hypothesis about cause and effect.B. a positive stament concerns what somebody believes should happen; a normative stament concerns what will happen. C. A normative stament concerns what somebody believes should happen; a positive stament concerns what will happen. D. none of the above are true. 8. Microeconomic models used to. A. evaluate policy alternatives. B. make predictions. C. explain real life phenomena D. all of the above 9. Which of the following choices is an example of a negative externality. A. educations B. mercury emissions from a coal-fired power plant C. your neighbor is trimming the hedge between your houses. D polio vaccinations

Secondary Characters in Romeo and Juliet - 818 Words

While secondary characters are less important than the main characters of the book, they often have a noteworthy impact on the story. In William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, a secondary character, Friar Lawrence, plays a vital role throughout the play. The play takes place in Verona and focuses on Romeo and Juliet, two star-crossed lovers from two feuding families; the Montagues and the Capulets. The extremely violent feud between these families has been ongoing for generations, extending out to even the serving men of both houses. Romeo and Juliet must profess their love in secret because of the quarrel between their parents. This is a catalyst in triggering tragic events, consisting of the deaths of many other characters, including†¦show more content†¦To prevent Juliet’s suicide, the Friar comes up with a plan. He says to Juliet, â€Å"take thou this vial, being then in bed, and this distilling liquor drink thou off.†(IV.i.95-96) Friar Lawrence wan ts Juliet to fake her own death and lie in the tomb of Capulet, to get out of marrying Paris. However, this plan backfires when Romeo does not receive the letter that the Friar had sent him and he kills himself over Juliet’s ‘death’, and Juliet in response kills herself over his death. The Friar’s exertion contributes to the plot, because the tragedy at the end of the play would not have occurred without his actions. Friar Lawrence reveals major qualities about Romeo, including his obsessive and foolish behavior. Friar Lawrence begins chastising Romeo for being over Rosaline, a woman that did not return Romeo’s love, and then falling for Juliet so quickly. Romeo then remarks that the Friar had usually scolded him for loving Rosaline, to which the Friar replies, â€Å"for doting, not love, pupil mine†(II.iii.87). Friar Lawrence is admonishing Romeo for his immature infatuation with Rosaline. By doing this, it is clear that Romeo was obsessive over his love for Rosaline. After killing Tybalt, the Prince declares Romeo’s banishment and Romeo goes crying to the Friar claiming that death would be a better punishment than banishment. The Friar responds to this by saying, â€Å"O deadly sin, O rude unthankfulness!...This is dear mercy, andShow MoreRelatedRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis747 Words   |  3 PagesWhile secondary characters are undersized compared to the main characters of the play, they often have an eminent impact on the story. In William Shakespeare’s famous tragedy Romeo and Juliet, certain secondary characters influence the decisions made by the two lovers and avail to establish the play’s tragic outcome. This will be conveyed through a detailed analysis of Tybalt, Capulet and Friar Lawrence. Although admirable qualities add to ones life, they can often lead to their death. 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Physics of Golf Essay - 3710 Words

Many golf equipment companies are constantly trying to improve the different â€Å"tools† used during the game. And with the incredible rate of technology, golf equipment is constantly being taken to higher and higher levels. In fact, technology now allows golf equipment so precise and accurate, that many people believe it requires less skill to be a really exceptional golfer. As technology and the study of physics progresses, only newer and better equipment will be produced. This is why a line must be drawn between technology and the skills of today’s players. The exceptional skills of some players to hit that long drive, or sink that incredible putt, must not be made common place for all players by means of better technology and†¦show more content†¦After this discovery, the gutta-percha balls started being manufactured with rough exteriors. This construction is equivalent to, and the basis of, modern day dimpled golf balls. 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The Organizational Structure Of A Business Organization Essay

One thought is the organizational structure. It appears that the organization is genuinely robotic in its structure. This may not be the most fitting structure, given the way of the business. Since shoe outlines are changing so quickly, production changes setup are every now and again required. The organization is required to respond to environmental factors quickly. A more natural structure would permit this to happen. The stream of data and communication at present being utilized inside of the organization appears to be mixed. Now and again it takes after the recommended hierarchy of leadership despite the fact that persons in a specific order perform no helpful capacity.An undeniable test confronted by Olsen is to move far from a framework that has existed for more than 30 years. The workers are as of now content with the way the organization is working regardless of the fact that it gives a bigger number of constraints and differences than embracing an ERP. The methodology that w ould draw to their advantage would be full preparing of the framework, occupation update and improvement with obligations regarding Foremen, the simplicity of holding data and giving feedback to administration and open doors for development and advancement inside of the association for all workers. Each of these worker motivators would render better occupation fulfillment for both Lawson and Flynn and would facilitate a percentage of the coordination and collaboration issues managers andShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Structure Of The Business Organization1741 Words   |  7 Pagesbest skills in order to ensure that the qualities of the foods are not compromised at all times. The interview with jack focused on a number of areas. These include the issue of motivation, team or group work as well as the organizational structure of the business organization. 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Theories relating to the organizational life cycle either include 4 or 5 stages. Churchill and Lewis (1983) propose an alternate theory of the organizational life cycle where there are 5 stages in the business/organizational life cycle and each stage is characterized by the owner’s involvement in the business, strategic goals, organizational structure, and the extent of the formal systemsRead MoreAssignment Sheet : An Assignment Cover Sheet1395 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment: Analyze Organizational Structures, Teams, and Stakeholders Windell Blackmon Joe DiRenzo March 28, 2017 †¢ Introduction There are many organizational structures that make up businesses. These structures affect a business positively and negatively. These structures can also determine team designs while inside of companies. This process can also can the stakeholders and shareholders in the company that different employees are working for. †¢ Organizational structures The structures that make upRead MoreOrganizational Structure Essay examples902 Words   |  4 Pages{text:bookmark-start} Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL {text:bookmark-end} STRUCTURE Organizational Structure Romanoff, T. Axia College of University of Phoenix MGT 330 Management: Theory, Practice and Application Peter Espeut October 26, 2009 Organizational Structure Planning and organization are crucial for an organization to achieve maximum effectiveness and success. Microsoft Company, for instance, has an organizational structure consisting of board of directors who include

Leadership Philosophy Free Essays

Eisenhower said once said, â€Å"Leadership consists of nothing but taking responsibility for everything that goes wrong and giving your subordinates credit for everything that goes well†.   (http://www.maxwell. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Philosophy or any similar topic only for you Order Now af.mil/au/awc/ns/electives/sld/sldsy.htm) Any deliberation about leadership must begin with the recognition of the fact that people want to be led. It is obvious to a great extent in the face of a calamity they find comfort and inspiration from their leaders. This is also true on a day-to-day basis. People tend to need and seek out guidance from strong leaders. â€Å"Leaders organize people—whether in a multinational corporation, a civic or charitable enterprise, a family business, or a high school.† (Ashby and Miles, 2002) According to Fairholm (1998), â€Å"one of the fundamental characteristics of leadership philosophy is its emphasis on a few values held in common by group members†. These values are summed up in a vision of what the group and its members are and can become. â€Å"In the United States, the vision typically integrates values described first by the founding fathers. These values include personal liberty, respect for life, justice, unity and happiness. These are widespread values that are essentially held and to the achievement of which most people dedicate their energies. Unless leaders tap these energizing values, they risk not being able to lead†. (Fairholm, 1998) A Policeman’s life is riddled with high standards of selfless service. They have to have integrity and it is widely known that they have worked hard without waver since their inception. A question which arises often is â€Å"How do you lead men in such a way that they will put their life on the line for you in an encounter situation in times of danger, and work twenty hours a day for weeks and sometimes months to resolve a crisis?† Of course this can be achieved through perpetual torture and extreme fear of the leading officer but Constables and Lieutenants under such a Captain will not give their job a 100 percent and the direct negative outcome of that will be that the team will not be functioning at full capacity. Firstly a leader must illustrate devotion and commitment to a life of service. Secondly, it is of vital importance that a leader must be considerate and concerned about his people. (Puryear, Jr.) These tie in with the principle of observation of a role model. A leader’s subordinates have to see that their leader is entirely dedicated to his job and doesn’t only treat it as a job or simple tasks which have to be performed out of duty. A leader must display his love of the occupation so that his subordinates have a role model to follow. However, they will not follow him without question if he doesn’t demonstrate affection for those under him. There is no need for physical forms of affection. The kind of affection needed can simply be demonstrated by thoughtfulness from a leader. A leader needs to be genuinely concerned about the safety of those under him. In a job such a police officer’s this is particularly important. An officer’s subordinates need to know without any doubt they their lives are in the hands of someone who cares. Brilliant examples of concern for staff have been littered through the US military history, â€Å"Gen. Vandenberg invited a colonel to sit in on a conference with the legendary Macarthur. Gen. Twining gave up his Christmas vacation to permit Quesada to catch up on his flight training. General John P. Ryan took coffee to mechanics working late at night. General Brown allowed a crewman to release his frustration by putting on his cowboy hat and boots. He also provided flights home during temporary duty for his officers and men, and he saw to it that enlisted personnel living in barracks could have a leisurely breakfast on Sundays.† (Fairholm, 1998) With such an amazing array of leadership in our country’s history, one should take a leaf out of their book. Some may think that all leaders would comprehend and be aware of the significance of looking out for those underneath your authority, yet such is not always the case. A primary principle which policemen follow is to develop a sense of responsibility among their subordinates. General Marshall would say throughout his career to his subordinate officers, â€Å"Fix the problem, not the blame†. At times, a leader has to rely on himself and more imperatively, on his workforce to see him through the storm or bad weather. (Barber, 2004) It is of vital importance that the subordinates discover that they are capable of achieving more, the subordinates assessment of what constitutes of difficult is a direct consequence of their frame of reference. This problem can be solved with mentorship. Part of mentoring someone involves placing a subordinate in contact with people at the top who are making the toughest decisions. As Murphy and Riggio (2003) put it, â€Å"Opportunities such as observing another’s leadership and management skills in action or gaining self-awareness through another’s perspective are just a few of the benefits of mentoring†. Using Gen. Shy Meyer’s definition, a mentor is someone who provides â€Å"guidance, counseling, advice, and teaching† and, with that, â€Å"door opening† -meaning opportunity. â€Å"The result of door opening and mentorship is that with progress in rank and responsibility one gets the toughest jobs, the longest hours, and the greatest sacrifices in family life.†Ã‚   (Puryear Jr., 2000) Unfortunately many leaders have developed the â€Å"one-size-fits-all† mentality. This blunder is the outcome of an ironic combination of overconfidence and under confidence in the value of an old, recognized and formerly victorious plan and under confidence in being able to master or develop an original but new and so strange plan.   Sometimes Police officers want to get fast results and so get impatient and apply this theory their operations. One’s previous knowledge is always an advantage and it is a huge part of any operation but it must only come into play in the context of the present circumstances. Some may attribute the habit of to a lack of ability to comprehend or even mental laziness. Inductive reasoning is required to avoid such am error.   This entails the skill to look at and understand the bigger picture. Of course this may require the investigation of hundreds or thousands of concrete facts and observations, then set aside those which are insignificant and of no great consequence and finally amalgamate the remainder of it into tiny basic conclusions and standards. The final question has to be â€Å"What does this all add up to?† This can be done through two ways; Inductive reasoning and Deductive reasoning.   Inductive reasoning is based on simplification prioritizing. It involves turning complexity into simplicity by imposing order on seeming chaos and identifying what has to be done before any other outcomes can be achieved. What is a fundamental need to be considered and this fundamental feature is what everything else will rely on and function upon. Deductive reasoning works in another manner. It involves integrating what has been discovered with prior knowledge and then applying it to the current situation. Some may find the level of complexity required too great. So they bluster and make demands on subordinates and use familiar strategies, but they never get to the real heart of the problem because they do not know what it is. There may be a lack of creative imagination as well. All of this is very hard mental work and requires intelligence and logical thinking; a policeman’s work is not only restricted to physical activities! A few leaders often do not know that they cannot handle the job properly. More often than the foundation of their self-esteem is always being right and always being in control of things. They would feel humiliated and degraded if they admit that they cannot complete a task correctly. They lie to themselves by convincing themselves that they can do it and fall into a whirlwind of desperate, inept measures. None of them could be right but that point they stop thinking. They replace thinking with clumsy actions. When things begin to go bitter, they lash out at their subordinates and then segregate themselves so that they will not have to hear the bad news. All this makes them progressively less able to fix what is really wrong with the operation. (Murphy and Riggio, 2003) Henry L. Stimson, the secretary of War through 1990 and 1911 once said, â€Å"I had been accustomed throughout my life to classify all public servants into one or the other of two general categories: one, the men who were thinking what they could do for their job; the other, the men who were thinking what the job could do for them.† (Puryear, 2009) True leaders who others follow without any doubts or questions even in the worse of circumstances are those who do the former. References Barber, E. Brace. (2004) No Excuse Leadership: Lessons from the U.S. Army’s Elite Rangers. Hoboken, NJ. Wiley. Fairholm, W. Gilbert. (1998). Perspectives on Leadership: From the Science of Management to Its Spiritual Heart. Westport, CT. Quorum Books. Murphy, E. Susan Riggio, E. Ronald. (2003). The Future of Leadership Development. Mahwah, NJ. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Puryear, F. Edgar, Jr.(2000) American Generalship: Character Is Everything The Art of Command. Presidio Miles, A. Stephen Ashby, D. Meredith (2002) Leaders Talk Leadership: Top Executives Speak Their Minds. New York Oxford University Press. AWC Elective: Strategic Leader Development http://www.maxwell.af.mil/au/awc/ns/electives/sld/sldsy.htm Accessed January 5, 2007    How to cite Leadership Philosophy, Essay examples

Guru Nanak and Meera Bai free essay sample

Guru Nanak is the founder and first guru of the Sikh religion. He was born in a small town outside of Lahore, India (now Pakistan) to a family in the merchant caste. As a young man, Guru Nanak married and had children. Yet he didnt fit easily into family expectations. He seems to have only reluctantly entered the clerical profession suggested by his family, often feeling the call to turn inward in meditation at key points in his life. Guru Nanaks moment of enlightenment came when, after singing devotional songs, he bathed in the Vein River near Sultanpur. In that moment he was elevated to the heavenly state, where he received amrit, the drink of immortality in the form of the divine name. He remained in deep silence after this transcendent experience for some time, and then he started to formulate his revelation through the statement, There is neither Hindu nor Muslim suggesting the universal brotherhood we all share through the divine vision. We will write a custom essay sample on Guru Nanak and Meera Bai or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After this awakening, Guru Nanak left his job and became a wandering holy man. He eventually settled at Kartarpur along the Ravi River, where he lived out the rest of his life. For others with the same name, see Meera (disambiguation) Meerabai (Rajasthani: ) (c. 1498-c. 1547AD) (alternate orthographies: Meera; Mira; Meera Bai) was an aristocratic Hindu mystical singer and sahajiya (apasampradaya) devotee of lord Krishna from Rajasthan and one of the most significant figures of the Sant tradition of the Vaishnava bhakti movement. Some 12-1300 prayerful songs or bhajans attributed to her are popular throughout India and have been published in several translations worldwide. In the bhakti tradition, they are in passionate praise of lord Krishna. Details of her life, which has been the subject of several films, are pieced together from her poetry and stories recounted by her community and are of debatable historical authenticity, particularly those that connect her with the later Tansen. On the other hand, the traditions that make her a disciple of Ravidas who disputed with Rupa Goswami are consonant with the usual account of her life.

Result of participating in school sports on academics an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

The effects of participating in school sports on academics A student's involvement in extra-curricular activities such as athletics sports has long been subjected to an argument. This is because of the reported effects of participating in sports activities in school in the students academic performance or educational process. Its critics noted that sports activities consume the students' energy and time, disrupting their study habits and sacrificing their academics as a result. On the other hand, supporters of sport activities defend that involvement in sports promotes not only the physical aspect but also the over-all personalities and academic achievement of the students. This argument shows that athletics participation in school weighs more on its positive than its negative effects as far as the students' academic performance. Nevertheless, whether athletics participation advantageously or disadvantageously affects academics is a matter of choice for the student. Those who participate in school sports have justified and proven their abili ty to excel in their field. Therefore, students who prefer to engage in school sports such as athletics have all the right to pursue this as long as his or her academic performance is not sacrificed. Need essay sample on "The effects of participating in school sports on academics" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Athletics Participation Improved Students' Academic Performance Numerous studies have shown that the involvement in school sports particularly the athletics actually improved the academic performances of students in their respective schools. The one-year and four-year researches were conducted by the American Sports Institute (ASI) through the program PASS or Promoting Achievement in School through Sports which ASI created. The program involves a daily, year-long, credit-bearing physical education elective for student athletes who did not perform and maximize their potential in academics (Promoting Achievement in School through Sports 2). The PASS program were implemented in McAteer High School from1990 to 1991 that involved a total of 18 students and at several California high schools from 1991 to 1995 that involved all PASS students that were grouped according to their respective genders, grade levels and ethnicities (Promoting Achievement in School through Sports 2). The studies were based on the rationale of giving meaning to the important da ily challenges of school subjects that are coupled with their athletics participations. Using the theory that the same principles and skills required in sports in order to succeed is the same as those required to succeed in academics, ASIs president at that time, Joel Kirsch, taught the PASS students the eight Fundamentals of Athletic Mastery (FAMs): concentration, balance, relaxation, power, rhythm, flexibility, attitude, and instinct (Promoting Achievement in School through Sports 2). Upon the recommendation of a teacher, counselor, or the athletic director, students were admitted into the program. During the duration of the program, the participants results were analyzed considering the following variables: sex, ethnic group, number, and type of sports. ASI also identified a control group with the same characteristics with respect to the said variables. Then, the grades of the PASS students and control group were gathered, compared, and analyzed. The results of the research affirm that in both the initial and the four-year studies, students' athletics participation resulted in positive effects on their academic performances. The two studies also corroborated the notion of PASS that the need to improve the school performance of physically-oriented students necessitates increasing the emphasis on their corresponding field of studies or their respective subjects in school as well as more encouragement on their practice of athletics (Promoting Achievement in School through Sports 1 Promoting Achievement in School through Sports 2). Another study made by Fleenor supported the above positive effect of participating in sports in the academic performance of student-athletes. The research involved twenty male and twenty female students in the fourth to eleventh grade at a rural, isolated and low-income high school (Fleenor 21). They were divided into control and experimental group, with the former not involved in sports, while the latter participated in school sports such as baseball, basketball, cheerleader, football, golf, softball, or tennis (Fleenor 22). Both groups were each composed of ten male and 10 female students (Fleenor 22). The California Tests of Basic Skills or CTBS test percentiles of all the participants, which correspond to their academic standing, were identified. The scores of the students in the non-athlete group and in the athlete group were compared. Fleenor discussed the results of her research and disclosed that athletic programs have no negative effect to students from fourth to eleventh graders. The said study also reported that athletic programs positively impacted all the subjects in the same manner. This is because their studies were not hampered as their involvement in sports did not decrease their academic grades (Fleenor 48-50). Din, on the other hand, presented another perspective and said that the consistent benefits of involvement in school sports are affected when the student is occupied with a lot of sports-related extracurricular activities. Din found various studies which show that participation in several school sports tends to decrease its positive effects to the studies of the students (Din 1-4). Despite this scenario, Din nonetheless conducted a study involving 225 student-athletes from five high schools in four different rural districts (Din 5). The participants were involved in a variety of sports such as basketball, volleyball, football, baseball, track, and cheerleading. To determine whether high involvement in sports decreases the academic achievement of the selected student-athletes, their grades before and after the sport season period were collected and compared. Result of the study indicated that the students' participations in school sports do not negatively impact their studies. This is because there are no important differences between their previous and post-season grades. This implies that the students were consistent with their school performances (Din 9). Conclusion Participation in school sports such as athletics has several advantages. Its positive effects to students' performance in school are determined from its manifestation of improved physical abilities that in effect cause an over-all improvement of the student. Its advocates stressed that students' good standing in school or academic excellence is achieved when the physical attributes of the students, caused by his or her active involvement in sports-related extracurricular activities such as athletics, are at its peak. This is because of the cause and effect view that being physically fit actually means a sound and an effective mind. The above studies proved that students' participation in sports also drives them more to be good or even excel at their respective studies. This is for the reason that not only they become physically fit when engaged in athletics but it also maintained their good intellectual standings. Works Cited Din, Feng. S. Sport Activities Versus Academic Achievement For Rural High School Students. National Forum of Applied Educational Research Journal 19, 3E (2005-2006): 2. Fleenor, Paula. A Study To Determine the Effects of School Athletic Programs on the CTBS Percentiles of Students. 1997. Salem-Teikyo University. 23 April 2008. Accession Number ED 423255.Promoting Achievement in School through Sports. 1991. American Sports Institute. 23 April 2008. Accession Number ED 351330. Promoting Achievement in School through Sports. 1996. American Sports Institute. 23 April 2008. Accession Number ED 401241.

Sentencing For Murder

Sentencing For Murder Introduction Research entails systematic investigation with an aim of establishing facts or collecting specific information. Researchers use varied research methods based on the nature of the research, availability of resources, and time. Research objectives act as the guideline throughout the research. The method of data or information collection used determines the credibility of the study.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sentencing For Murder specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For any research to succeed, researchers ought to adhere to research ethics. In a bid to identify the contribution of public opinion in sentencing people found guilty of murder, Mitchell and Roberts carried out a research in England and Wales. This paper aims at critically analysing this research based on its objectives, research methods, and conclusions to determine its credibility. Research Objectives For decades, there has been a suppositio n that people would not accept any other form of sentencing passed against a person charged for murder apart from life imprisonment in England and Wales. Failure to pass this judgment would lead to the public having no trust in their judicial system. This supposition prompted Mitchell and Roberts to carryout a research in a bid to determine the public’s opinion towards the different alternative sentencing that might be passed against people found guilty of murder. During the research, the two aimed at understanding the level of public knowledge with respect to statistics associated to murder like average period the culprit spends in prison and murder trends. In addition, they intended to assess the level of public support for life imprisonment. Furthermore, the two aimed at analysing the link between understanding of the crime and retribution of murder and mind-sets to sentencing criminals indicted of murder. Research methods In a bid to come up with comprehensive conclusions , the pollsters used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. They conducted a survey on the public to determine its opinion towards life imprisonment and identified some focus groups that responded to a number of questions. The quantitative research involved 1,027 participants who went through face-to-face interviews. The interviews took place in the participants’ homes. On the other hand, the qualitative research involved discussions undertaken by the different focus groups. Each group was given a case scenario involving a murder incidence and it was asked to discuss what it felt would be the most appropriate sentence to pass against the perpetrator.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Criticism In spite of the two research methods helping the pollsters in obtaining the public opinion towards life imprisonment, the methods had some flaws. For instance, the issue of life imprisonment is a weighty matter that would require much time to discuss. Nevertheless, the quantitative research required that the respondents take 30 minutes only to respond to a number of questions. This aspect did not give them time to prepare well and think about a question before responding. The face-to-face interviews are prone to biasness. During the interview, the interviewer gives advice to the interviewee thus not giving the interviewee the freedom to make his or her judgments. In this form of research, the interviewer might have had a significant impact on the response given by the participants as he or she tried to advise the interviewee. Due to time constraint and high number of participants involved in the research, the research was vulnerable to counselling where the pollsters made summaries of the responses the participants gave without giving them time to explain themselves. For instance, the pollsters made numerous assumptions during the study. Afte r finding that 50 per cent of the respondents had similar opinions, the pollsters concluded that the fraction of the general population that shared similar opinions fall between 46.9 and 53.1 per cent. This assumption might influence the outcome either positively or negatively affecting the credibility of the findings. Studies have proved that brainstorming does not facilitate in generation of more ideas. In this context, the researcher intended to collect personal opinion about life imprisonment. Hence, every person was required to give his line of thought regarding the issue. Involving the participants in a discussion would greatly influence their opinions. Some of the participants would influence others thus tending to fall on the side that has massive support and not giving their opinion. In other words, inclusion of discussion in the research would lead to some of the participants thus not sharing their ideas in fear that they might differ with others. Conclusions made from the study From the study, the pollsters came up with numerous conclusions. Firstly, they intended to identify if the rates of homicides and murders in both England and Wales were going down or increasing. From the findings, they concluded that the rate had substantially gone down. In addition, the researchers compared the murder rate in the two countries with other countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sentencing For Murder specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They concluded that the there were no disparities between the murder rate in England and Wales relative to other countries. The researchers realised that the public had limited knowledge about punishment of murder perpetrators. Hence, they tend to have the opinion that courts are in most cases lenient to such offenders. From the response, the researchers concluded that lack of knowledge in murder sentencing leads to the public believing that the offenders spend limited time in prison. The pollsters also concluded that in spite of people calling for life imprisonment when presented with a general case of murder, most of them would prefer natural life sentence when presented with actual cases. The researchers concluded that individuals that found the courts to be lenient were highly punitive. They associated the misperception about murder inclinations with stern recommended sentencing. In general the pollsters concluded that the courts ought not to use public opinion in coming up with their sentences in case of murder. In spite of the proponents of life imprisonment claiming that the sentence is right based on the public support, the pollsters found out that the public is never opposed to other forms of sentencing. Hence, public opinion ought not to be the excuse why judges cling to life imprisonment when it comes to cases involving murder. All the conclusions made tend not to be in line with the opinions given by the respondents. Most of th e participants had no information regarding murder sentencing in England and Wales as well as in other countries. Besides, they had the perception that murder is a serious crime and did not take time to consider the circumstances that might have led to one committing the crime. With this knowledge, it would have been wrong to go with the opinion given by the public without having clear information of the situation on the ground. The conclusions made by the pollsters are justified. In spite of conducting a research and gathering public opinion about life imprisonment, the pollsters went a step further to understand the actual situation in the country as well as the public knowledge about murder.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Using this information together with the available statistics on murder cases, the researchers came up with accurate conclusions, therefore avoiding chances of being biased or buying all the opinions shared by the public. ‘Political’ nature of social research Scholars view social research as political in two perspectives. One of the perspectives entails social research as power. Politics is attributed to power. Hence, a situation where social research entails finding the truth, it may be said to be political. There are arguments that superior interests in the society in most cases influence social research thus making it political. Many people that claim that research may be apolitical claim that all forms of power in the contemporary society are domineering. Hence, they assess research based on its autonomy from the external power or based on the power exhibited by the researchers or the research institutions. There is a claim that research institutions are never auton omous thus making the research political. Researchers do not make independent decisions in the areas to cover in their studies as well as the participants to include in the study. They have to engage in an intense negotiation with various stakeholders. Hence, their activities suffer from external influence thus rendering the research political. The other perspective that makes social research appears political focuses on how value judgments are deduced from a research process. In this case, the political nature of research is distinguished with avers regarding its value freedom or value neutrality. This perspective presents numerous dimensions through which research may be considered political. One of the dimensions is that for any research to be possible, it has to meet various economic, social, and political conditions. Moreover, research may require some resources from the nation. Hence, to extend these resources to a research, it would call for a value choice. The value judgment is in most cases politically influenced leading to the research becoming political. Today, social research is based on intellectual presuppositions. In the past, the social research findings came from conclusions made from indisputable evidence through inescapable logic. Nevertheless, most of the current research findings are based on assumptions, which are in most cases politically motivated. In most cases, the researchers’ claim to knowledge dwells on presuppositions that have not been verified fully. Most of the research findings are not universal thus making the research political. In other words, most of the research findings are contestable, therefore, posing doubt. Mitchell and Roberts’ research is political on the dimension of power exercise. The researchers were not autonomous in their research. To carryout the research, they involved numerous participants whom they had to negotiate with before administering their interviews. They had to comply with various d emands from the participants like time constraints and this element affected their independence in conducting the interviews. Besides, they had to ensure that they include questions that do not infringe into the participant’s freedom and privacy even though such questions would facilitate in understanding the subject matter better. Besides, the influence from the participants, the pollsters also made their conclusions based on the information they gathered from the available statistics, which shows that there was a significant influence from the available information. It implies that the already published information about life imprisonment had significant authority over this research. The existing data influenced some of the research’s deductions. Importance of research ethics There are numerous benefits of conducting a research ethically. One of the aims of research ethics is that it helps in ensuring the security of the participants. At times, a research may involve sensitive information that might lead to the participants facing discrimination from their leaders. In such a case, research ethics would help in protecting such participants. No one would agree to participate in a sensitive research if he or she learns that the research has not put measures to protect their privacy. Besides, the researcher may pretend to protect the participants but later reveal them. Research ethics facilitates in ensuring that researchers honour their part of bargain thus ensuring that the senior employees do not use the information given by the participants against them. The success of any research depends of the level of ethics exercised by the researcher. Failure to observe ethics during the research may lead to one facing embarrassment or being expelled by the research community. In addition, the participants may opt to offer wrong information due to frustrations from the researcher. In such a case, the pollster may end up coming up with wrong information th us misleading the persons intended to use the research’s findings. The credibility of any research depends on the degree of ethics exercised by the researcher. Ethics acts as the first step of establishing a rapport between the researcher and the research participants. If the research participants learn that the researcher is ethical, they tend to trust in him or her thus being ready to share with him or her all the information they have. On the other hand, the participants may refrain from sharing crucial information with the researcher on realising that the researcher is unethical. Research ethics is one of the fundamental requirements in most of the professionals. Failure to observe ethics during a research may lead to the person facing disciplinary actions or being expelled from the research community. Observing research ethics helps the researchers in boosting the credibility of their findings. Consequently, their research is allowed for publication. Most of the research es take time and many resources. Hence, failure to observe research ethics may lead to the research community failing to publish the research. Such a move would lead to the researcher wasting a lot of resources and time. Besides averting the disciplinary action, research ethics facilitates in acquiring financial support for the study from different sponsors. No one would agree to fund a research that is conducted unethically. Hence, to obtain fund, researchers ought to show a high degree of ethics in their undertakings. Ethical issues Numerous ethical issues could emerge from this study. Among the issue include, harm on the participants, ethical ramifications, Privacy concerns, and deception. The research involved direct contact with the participants. Moreover, it entailed a weighty matter that required to be handled with care. Failure to handle the research ethically would lead to the participants suffering psychologically. The study involved collecting information regarding life i mprisonment. Some of the information collected attempted to determine the fairness of the sentencing based on the circumstances under which the perpetrator conducted the crime. If the study were not carried out ethically, both the perpetrators and individuals affected by the crime in one way or the other would end up suffering psychologically. For instance, the study might conclude that a certain circumstance did not require an individual to face life imprisonment. In such an instance, the perpetrator would end up suffering psychologically. On the other hand, if people whose relative was the victim of the crime learnt that the court was lenient in sentencing the perpetrator, they might suffer psychologically or even end up taking the law into their hands. Another privacy issue that might arise from the study regards the privacy of the participants. The issue of life imprisonment is serious and may trigger some anger among the people that have ever been affected by the crime in one w ay or another. In responding to the interview questions, some respondents might end up expressing their frustration by using words that might be of contempt to the court or to other parties. In such a case, the participant might end up facing charges by the mere fact of participating in a research. It is imperative that all the information relied by the participants is made private and accessed only by the relevant people. In a bid to avoid chances of the participants suffering psychologically, it would be imperative to the researchers to avoid coming up with conclusions that might lead to the parties feeling to be short-changed by the court’s judgment. On the other hand, the researchers ought to ensure that every participant is secured against any form of discrimination, which could be achieved by not including the name of the respondent and making sure that only authorised personnel have access to the information given by the participants. Conclusion The objective of Mitche ll and Roberts’ research was to determine the role the public opinion plays in influencing the judgment passed against people found guilty of murder. They intended to do away with the belief that people prefer life imprisonment to other forms of charges against perpetrators of murder. From the research, the two found that most of those that preferred life imprisonment had limited knowledge about the judicial system and did not consider the circumstances that led to one committing the crime. Mitchell and Roberts concluded that there was a need to educate the public about the judicial system. Moreover, they claimed that law enforcers ought to have a clear understanding of the public opinion and not act out of assumptions. Practitioners’ Views on Children’s Welfare in Relocation Disputes Introduction Different countries use different approaches to deal with relocation disputes. While some countries support relocation, others are strongly against it. George carried out a study to compare the relocation laws in England and New Zealand. From his study, he learnt that while England allowed for relocation, New Zealand made it hard for individuals to acquire relocation rights. This article intends to evaluate the research conducted by George. This paper will explain the purpose of conducting a comparative study. It will then describe why George opted to conduct a comparative study in his research. In addition, the paper will explain the difference between ‘presumption of similarity’ and ‘presumption of difference’ and suggest the position of the author. In the end, the paper will evaluate the choice of jurisdictions made by the author and explain the extent on descriptive legal scholarship that the paper embodies. Purpose of comparative legal research Initially, there were two purposes of conducting a comparative legal research. One of the purposes was to use foreign laws in establishing local laws. The other purpose was t o make a comparison between different laws to have a better understanding of the law for the purpose of theoretical or academic comparative jurisprudence. At the beginning of the 21st century, another purpose of conducting a comparative legal research was established. The desire to apply the laws in personal circumstances necessitated the current purpose of conducting comparative legal research. This desire is termed as judicative comparative law. The judicative comparative law is applied mostly in European countries when a judge intends to make a judgment on violations committed in a foreign nation using the laws of the country where the hearings is taking place. At times, an individual may commit a crime in one country and move to another in a bid to avoid an arrest. In such an instance, if the person is identified as a criminal in the foreign country, the law enforcers from the foreign country may arrest and charge the individual. The objective of conducting a comparative legal s tudy would facilitates in establishing the right sentence to pass against such a criminal based on the laws of the country where the crime was committed. Comparative legal research may facilitate in determining the punishment to pass against a criminal. For instance, different countries have different charges against incest. Having knowledge in foreign laws would ensure that an individual who committed incest in a foreign land gets the right sentence based on the law requirements of the land. Law develops through borrowing different ideas from different countries or institutions. The purpose of conducting a comparative legal research is to facilitate in strengthening the laws of a particular nation. A decade ago, Germany did not have a mechanism to deal with liberal crime. She had to borrow the mechanisms from France and Britain. Over the years, Germany has conducted intense comparative legal research and borrowed numerous laws from other countries therefore reinforcing its local la ws. Besides reinforcing the local laws, comparative legal research may facilitate in coming up with a common model code. Countries from the same region may opt to establish common laws to govern the region. In a bid to achieve this goal, they would require conducting a comparative legal research of their different laws and harmonise them to come up with a common law. Different countries have different laws that deal with relocation disputes. While some of the laws support relocation, some are against it while others are neutral. The main reason why George conducted this comparative legal research was to understand the distinction between the existing laws that address relocation disputes in England and New Zealand. While laws in England support relocation, the laws in New Zealand are against it. Hence, to clearly compare the laws in the two countries and understand their distinction, George opted to use law practitioners from the two countries. The research significantly helped Geor ge to understand the legal systems of the two countries. Comparing the relocation laws in the two countries helped him understand the existing legal procedures that facilitate in solving the relocation disputes. Presumption of similarity In most cases, courts face the challenges of dealing with litigations emanating from crimes that took place in foreign lands. At such an instance, courts are required to determine the jurisprudence of the country where the crime took place and not consider the common laws of the countries involved. Considering the jurisprudence of the country where the crime was committed facilitates in ensuring that both the perpetrator and the victim receive fair judgment. When passing judgment against a case committed in a foreign country, judges might make two presumptions. These presumptions are the presumption of similarity and the presumption of differences. The presumption of similarity occurs where the judge makes a judgment against a crime committed in a f oreign land based on local laws. In such an instance, the attorney assumes that the involved countries use similar laws. Hence, by using the local laws, the perpetrator would receive a punishment similar to the one the country where the crime was committed could have awarded. Certain countries are governed by a system of law established from civil laws. Such countries share common laws in almost everything. Hence, if a crime is committed in one country and heard in a different country, the attorney may use the presumption of similarity to make his or her judgment. Presumption of difference At the centre of all conflict theories lies the conviction that the sole purpose of law is to ensure that all parties involved in a conflict get a fair hearing and judgment, particularly in cases involving parties from foreign countries. This aspect does not imply that judges have to use foreign laws in making their judgment but they require putting into consideration the provisions given by such laws to come up with appropriate judgments. With this knowledge in mind, it becomes hard to establish the role of foreign laws in addressing disputes that involve foreign elements. In countries sharing universal laws, the judges can make their judgment based on the local laws. However, a problem arises where countries involved in a crime do not share common laws. In such a case, the attorney has to use the presumption of difference when making his or her judgment. The presumption of difference occurs where an attorney feels that the parties involved in the dispute do not share common laws. Therefore, the attorney has to refer to the laws of the individual countries involved in the crime before making his or her judgment. By comparing the different laws, then the attorney can come up with the most appropriate judgment for the crime. In this methodological debate, the author might stand for presumption of difference. In his debate, the author selects two countries that have very diffe rent laws and jurisdictions. In this context, he manages to show the different laws might lead to conflicts when it comes to making judgments on matters regarding relocation dispute. The presented cases show a significant difference between the relocation laws in England and New Zealand. While most of the participants from England perceived relocation in a positive manner while making their judgment, most of the people in New Zealand perceived it in a negative dimension thus creating the difference in the opinions the different participants gave. George believes that implementation of international laws in addressing relocation disputes would create challenges. He claims that not unless countries agree on the common parameters to use when making the judgments, it would be very hard to come up with judgments that all the involved parties freely accept. This assertion signifies that he might stand for the presumption of difference when it comes to making judgments on matters pertainin g relocation disputes. Evaluation of author’s choice of jurisdictions George makes a good choice of jurisdictions for comparison. His selection of England and New Zealand facilitates in bringing out all the challenges encountered when making judgments against relocation disputes involving foreign elements. Even though attorneys in both England and New Zealand use children’s welfare in making their judgments against relocation problems, there are significant differences in the practitioners’ perception of the matter in the two countries. Most of the European countries share common perceptions. Hence, the researcher would not have managed to show the disparities in solving relocation disputes had he used countries like England and France. By using England and New Zealand, George was able to show how child welfare might pose a major challenge when making judgments on relocation matters. Many people were advocating for the use of child welfare in solving relocation disputes. Nevertheless, they did consider that different attorneys might have different perceptions about the welfare; therefore, posing challenges to solving relocation disputes involving international elements. While England had different laws governing relocation based on the nature of the relocation, New Zealand only have one law, which makes the choice of the two countries most appropriate. In comparing the two countries, George is able to show how lack of flexible laws governing relocation might lead to challenges in addressing the relocation disputes. For instance, England has flexible laws thus making it possible for attorneys in the country to resolve relocation disputes amicably. By offering laws for different forms of relocation, the country makes it possible for the courts to solve the disputes easily. On the other hand, New Zealand has a single system of law that governs relocation issues. Hence, the country treats both local and international relocation equally. Conseq uently, while England focuses on the well-being of the applicant in solving the dispute, New Zealand focuses on enduring and steady family relationships, which make the two legal systems very different thus, the most appropriate to use in studying this issue. Both England and New Zealand are very different geographically. For England, international relocation would mean moving for a few miles to Ireland. On the other hand, in New Zealand, international relocation would mean moving for thousands of miles. The selection of the two countries facilitates in bringing out the inconsistency in judgment that might arise from different countries. The two countries prove that it would be very hard for the different countries to arrive at a mutual interpretation of the needs of the welfare principle on matters to do with relocation. Already countries had started drafting an international document like Washington Declaration to facilitate in solving relocation challenges. However, by comparing England and New Zealand, George has managed to bring out the issue of international coherency on matters to do with welfare. The issue was not considered in the previous declaration and it could have led to challenges later. Prescriptive and descriptive legal scholarship To some extent, this paper embodies descriptive legal scholarship. In a bid to bring out the legal system in both England and New Zealand, George took time to describe the judicial system observed by the two countries. He takes time to describe the different relocation laws used in England as well as the various considerations made by attorneys when passing judgments on matters to do with relocation disputes. Moreover, the help the learners understand how relocations issues are treated in England, George goes further to describe the different forms of relocation practiced in the country. By describing the different approaches used in resolving relocation despites in England, he helps the readers understand the Engla nd’s judicial system and its strengths and weakness in dealing with relocation disputes. George goes further to describe the New Zealand’s judicial system showing the approach used in addressing relocation disputes in the country. He further gives a comparison between the two countries and describes both their similarities and differences. In spite of the article embodying a descriptive legal scholarship, the paper also embodies a prescriptive legal scholarship. The objective of the article was to show how the different judicial systems pose a challenge to the implementation of a universal code that deals with relocation challenges. He uses varied case scenarios to show how the different judicial systems interpret the same incident differently. In concluding, George gives some guidelines on what ought to be done to ensure that countries come up with a common law that deals with disputes that involve international relocation. George warns that for countries to continue drafting international laws that focus on welfare principle, the stakeholders need to take time and determine if there is actually coherency between the states or the different countries still observe their individual standards. George adopts a good approach to compile his article. He starts by bringing out the nature of the current challenge in addressing relocation disputes. He effectively present the jurisdictions of both England and New Zealand therefore helping the reader understand how each system contribute to the existing challenge. His use of two countries that are very different with respect to how they perceive relocation challenges makes it possible for George to show the intense of the existing challenge. The approach helps in making the reader understand the challenges facing the ongoing process of drafting international laws aimed at addressing global relocation disputes. This aspect allows one to see the rationale of his argument that for countries to come up with an international law that addresses international relocation disputes, they have to ensure that there is coherency in welfare principles. Conclusion The main reason for conducting a comparative legal research is to help the law making agents in a country to use foreign laws in establishing laws for their country. Besides, people conduct comparative legal research to have a clear understanding of the laws in different countries. George conducted a comparative legal research to help him understand the differences in the laws that govern relocation issues in England and New Zealand. In his methodological debate, George supported the ‘presumption of difference’. He believed that it is hard for countries to come up with an international law that addresses relocation disputes. Hence, it would be imperative for attorneys to consider the individual laws of the countries involved in a relocation dispute before making their judgment. Gorge made a good choice of his jurisdictions of comparison. The two countries have very different perceptions towards relocation issues. By using countries that differ completely in relocation laws, he managed to bring out the underlying challenges in the attempt to establish international laws for addressing relocation issues. He presented his article in a manner that it embodied both prescriptive and descriptive legal scholarship. George began by describing the relocation policies used by the two countries. He even brought out the differences in the policies. He then terminated the paper by prescribing the measures that need to be taken to ensure that countries do not come up with international laws that will later pose challenges to relocation matters.