What is a Mandative Subjunctive Definition and Examples

The use of the subjunctive mood in a subordinate clause that follows an expression of command, demand, or recommendation. Like the formulaic subjunctive, the mandative subjunctive consists of the base form of the verb. It is distinctive only in the third-person singular of the present tense. (In other words, the -s ending is omitted.) In the Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar (1994), Chalker and Weiner note that the mandative subjunctive has made a considerable comeback in British English in recent years, probably under American influence. Yet in all varieties of English, the mandative subjunctive is far more common in writing than in speech. Examples and Observations: High school counselors recommended she go to vocational school instead of college, even though she was in the National Honor Society.(Sylvia Mendoza, The Book of Latina Women. Adams Media, 2004)[T]he Judge was chipper as he insisted that the Carrot Orange Bisque be the first course for the anniversary celebration.(Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, and Diana von Welanetz Wentworth, Chicken Soup for the Soul Cookbook. HCI Books, 1995)Dr. King felt his training demanded that he bring to the Dexter Avenue congregation the greatest social gospel and action program it had ever experienced.(Ralph Abernathy, quoted by David Garrow in Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. HarperCollins, 1986)But Ive never even tried to write a story, Ellison protested when Wright suggested he take up writing.(Ralph Ellison, quoted by Timothy Parrish in Ralph Ellison and the Genius of America. University of Massachusetts Press, 2012) Regional Trends in the Use of the Mandative Subjunctive Divergent regional trends in the use of the subjunctive have been noted by a number of modern English grammarians. Use of the mandative subjunctive, i.e. after expressions of demand, recommendation, intention, etc., seems to have varied considerably. AmE is strongly inclined to use the mandative subjunctive, as in I recommend that he talk to a specialist, while BrE prefers the periphrastic construction with the modal auxiliary should, as in I recommend that he should talk to a specialist.Australian use of the mandative subjunctive lies somewhere between that of AmE and BrE, in comparative corpus data used by Peters (1998a). (Peter Collins and Pam Peters, Australian English: Morphology and Syntax. A Handbook of Varieties of English: A Multi-Media Reference Tool, ed. by Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider. Mouton de Gruyter, 2005) The Future of the Mandative Subjunctive [MS] in World English [T]he future of MS still looks rather constrained. It is still largely confined to institutional kinds of speech, and not readily used in ordinary conversation. The linguistic constraints on its use include the fact that the suasive verbs like demand which currently show the highest frequencies of MS also have rather specialized uses, because of the unequal interpersonal relationship they presuppose, and discoursal settings in which they can be used. Even where it is demonstrably still current usage, MS seems to be marked rather than stylistically neutral. . . . Its popularity probably varies within particular English-speaking communities, which may lead to declining use over the course of time. (Pam Peters, The Mandative Subjunctive in Spoken English. Comparative Studies in Australian and New Zealand English: Grammar and Beyond, ed. by Pam Peters, Peter Collins, and Adam Smith. John Benjamins, 2009)

quot;The Ravenquot; - a Critical Deconstruction Essay...

Edgar Allen Poes journey into the realm of death, fear and the macabre, The Raven is an exploration into the loneliness and despair associated with the loss of a loved one. Through the clever use of rhyme, meter, imagery, symbolism and word choice, Poe catapults us into a world of sinister images, morbid predilections and unearthly machinations. We are, at once, submerged in the pulsing, driving force of supernatural fear as only Poe is able to create. And with every use of the haunting refrain Nevermore, upon which the chilling cadence of this poem is built, Poe transforms a story steeped in remorse and sorrow into a tale of preternatural mystery and suspense. The first, and most powerful literary device that Poe†¦show more content†¦With the use of the alliteration weak and weary, in addition to the internal rhyme of dreary and weary, we are instantly struck by the tone of the poem as being one of loneliness, grief and depression. In the second stanza, we are more fully enlightened to the setting from which these emotions stem. With the use of such phrases like bleak December and dying ember, Poe conveys the speakers internal state with the use of external clues. In both cases, the word choice seems to transmit feelings of isolation and misery from which the speaker wishes to find relief. And, it is here that we are first introduced to the reason for his sorrow, his lost love Lenore. It is from this base of raw emotion and desolate misery that the poem garners speed and evolves. Poes use of symbolism is another potent tool with which he imparts the meaning and depth of the poem. First and foremost, we must decipher the significance and implication of the raven itself. The embodiment of death, the bird signifies the very issue with which the speaker is grappling. In the suggestion that the bird has come from the Nights Plutonian shore, Poe calls upon the myth of Pluto, the God of the Underworld, the land of the dead in Greek mythology. The Raven, therefore, may be thought of as a creature from the land of the dead. The corresponding relevance of this in the poem is that his loss and grief have taken on a living and

The Background of Ingvar Kamprad Free Essays

I’m gonna talk about Ingvar Kamprad. He was born 30th  Mars, 1926 in Kronobergs municipality. He’s a Swedish entrepreneur and founder of the furniture chain IKEA. We will write a custom essay sample on The Background of Ingvar Kamprad or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ingvar founded IKEA in 1943 and the name stands for his initials and address. – Ingvar Kamprad, Elmtaryd, Agunnaryd. (Write up on whiteboard. ) – Kamprad is currently ranked as one of the wealthiest people in the world. In July 2012, the time script Bloomberg estimated that his net worth was up to 42. 6 billion dollars, which makes him the 5th richest person in the world. Kamprad was born in Pjatteryd, Sweden. He was raised on a farm called Elmtaryd near the small village of Agunnaryd in Ljungby municipality in the province of Smaland. His grandfather was from Germany but moved to Sweden with his family. Kamprad is very well-known for his â€Å"cheapness. † He drives a 1993 Volvo 240, flies only economic class and encourages IKEA employees always to write on both sides of a piece of paper. Kamprad explains his social philosophy like this: â€Å"Testament of a Furniture Dealer†: â€Å"It is not only for cost reasons that we avoid the luxury hotels. We don’t need flashy cars, impressive titles, uniforms or other status symbols. We rely on our strength and our will! † Kamprad began to develop a business as a young boy, selling matches to neighbors from his bicycle. He found that he could buy matches in bulk very cheap from Stockholm, sell them himself and make a good profit. From matches, he started selling fish, Christmas tree decorations and seeds. And now I’m gonna talk about the history of IKEA. As I mentioned earlier, Kamprad started selling matches at the age of five and by the age of seven he started selling further from his home, using his bicycle. In the 1940s Kamprad started developing IKEA into a furniture retailer. In the 1960s IKEA started getting bigger and the big products such as POANG and BILLY started developing. In the 1980s IKEA expands into new markets in USA, Italy, France and the UK. In 1990s children’s IKEA is introduced, and in 2000’s IKEA expands into even more markets such as Japan and Russia. And now I’m going to talk about the qualities of Ingvar Kamprad as an entrepreneur. Well, one thing that I find very important is the fact that he actually shows that even though you’re extremely rich, you still don’t have to live a glamorous life. As I’ve mentioned, he drives an old Volvo and travels economic class. By this it encourages the employees to do the same thing, to live cheap. And this is why I think IKEA’s been such a huge success. You can of course argue that he’s been at the right place at the right time, but I think that’s his kind of spirit that moves the company forward. Thank you. How to cite The Background of Ingvar Kamprad, Papers