Group Case 3: Mci Communications Corp., 1983

Gathering Case 3: MCI Communications Corp. , 1983 Executive Summary Assumptions coming up next are the suppositions we made through the entire investigation. The anticipated incomes from 1983 to 1990 were expected to follow the example in Exhibit 9A, in spite of the vulnerability of the higher access charge and rivalry increment. The minor assessment rate is 30% during that period. The firm should keep insignificant money equalization of $100 million to help its working activities.However, the difference in working NWC is thought to be zero. Figuring To ascertain the outer financing needs during the period 1983-1990, we have to compute the net income from activity (I. e. the free income short after duty intrigue paid). Alongside the money toward the start of the year and the necessary least money balance, we can get the outside financing requirement for every year. See point by point estimation in Exhibit 1.However, because of the vulnerability of access charge change and rivalry, th e working edge would increment or reduction by as much as 7% from the forecast, in spite of the fact that the administration was focused on the anticipated income levels. In this way, the outer financing needs would differ correspondingly. See point by point count in Exhibit 2, and 3. The outside financing needs under three situations are summed up beneath. In 1983, the organization had no outside financing needs, as it simply brought $400 million up in March.From 1984 to 1987, the financing needs stayed with expanding, as the organization attempted to extend. From that point forward, there was no outer financing need as the income are in acceptable levels, with the exception of on account of troublesome circumstance where it despite everything needs $270. 78 million of every 1988. [pic] Recommendations and Conclusion [pic] Exhibit 1 Operating Margin at Predicted levels [pic] Exhibit 2 Operating Margin Decreased by 7% [pic] Exhibit 3 Operating Margin Increased by 7%

Same Sex Marraiges in the United States Essay Example For Students

Same Sex Marraiges in the United States Essay Same-Sex Marriages In the United States How do most couples show the world that they are in a cherishing, dedicated, serious relationship? How can one express that they need to spend an incredible remainder with one specific individual? This is typically done through a marriage, celebrated by a wedding, guaranteed by a marriage permit. Gay people are human; in this manner they are equipped for cherishing someone else similarly as any hetero human. However, gay people can't acquire a marriage permit. This should be changed. At present in the United States there is a lot of lawful and social movement encompassing the chance of the legitimization of gay marriage. As of December 1995, a law case in progress in Hawaii may lay the ground for legitimate acknowledgment of same-sex associations. Such legitimate moves, just as the endeavors by lesbian and gay couples to be perceived all things considered, face condemnation from some preservationist voices who state that ordinarily and heavenly will just connections among people can be viewed as characteristic. What's more, to be completely forthright, there is likewise a disquiet communicated by some lesbian and gay activists who, reviewing the investigate of man centric society made by 1970s woman's rights, consider union with be a hopelessly hetero establishment. Same-sex relationships ought to be legitimate wherever in the United States of America. As per the Constitution, marriage is a common right that all Americans are brought into the world with. Our nation has chosen by passing the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in 1996 that two individuals of a similar sex can't get hitched. By removing this essential common right, America has opposed what our Founding Fathers based our nation one, opportunity. Gay people are permitted to talk openly, to carry weapons, to have security, to be ensured. Shouldn't something be said about to wed? It isn't right to put together a people social equality with respect to sexuality. Alongside the fundamental common option to wed, there are different rights that the Defense of Marriage Act denies gay people. Rights that wedded individuals underestimate, for example, the capacity to visit a debilitated or harmed life partner in the medical clinic, are denied to gay and lesbian individuals. Due to the law, emergency clinics and different organizations don't need to regard the fundamental human privileges of gay and lesbian couples. In like manner, on the off chance that one accomplice in a wedded couple is truly sick and weakened, the other life partner ought to have the option to settle on choices with respect to their consideration and guardianship. This essential right of guardianship is denied to gay and lesbian couples, in light of the fact that, once more, their serious relationships are not perceived under the law. In the event that one accomplice is weakened, the other accomplice isn't given the option to settle on fundamental medicinal services choices. On the off chance that gay couples had lawful organizations, there would not be any instances of disarray over guardianship or appearance in places like emergency clinics. As indicated by the American Civil Liberties Union, huge numbers of the advantages of marriage that gay people are denied include: government benefits like Social Security and Medicare; clinic appearance rights; extraordinary rates and exclusions on assessment forms; joint kid care; joint protection strategies; programmed legacy without a will; settling on clinical choices for an accomplices sake; and picking a last resting place for a perished accomplice. While none of these are motivations to get hitched, they are altogether advantages and advantages that gay people ought not be precluded just in light of the fact that from securing their decision of an accomplice. They are rights that gay people are qualified for and merit, and are rights that they would have the option to profit by if same-sex relationships were sanctioned. It is anticipated that there would be an enormous annual expense income, and that should make most duty paying residents glad. In most same-sex couples, the two individuals hold employments so they are the two workers. A wedded couple with two workers typically has a high personal expense, which means more cash for the legislature. In this way, if same-sex relationships are permitted, the expense income will increment because of more relationships comprising of two workers. It is obvious to see that they merit these rights as much as hetero couples do, and that their decision of accomplice ought not influence these fundamental rights. .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .postImageUrl , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:hover , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:visited , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:active { border:0!important; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:active , .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } . u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u7fa14500b458896b838adb44a9a66fb8:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Virgil's Aeneid Essay In the web source: www.lambdalegal.org, the article states, Same-sex couples need to get hitched for the equivalent .

Youve been accepted, but should you accept

Youve been accepted, but should you accept You’ve filled out the applications, waited months to hear back, and now you’ve been admitted to all of your top-choice colleges. So which offer should you accept? Deciding which college to attend might be the biggest decision you’ve ever had to make. It’s natural to stress out, but here are 3 reasons why you shouldnt.   1. There isnt one right answer. Talking about college “decisions” sometimes makes it sound like there’s a right answer and a wrong answer, and that your decision is final. Sure, some places might not be right for you (consider the Ornery Institute for Spiders, for instance), but you have so many valid options. Think about this instead as a college “choice,” where youre choosing among several very qualified contenders. Many paths will bring you where you want to go, and infinitely more will bring you happiness. If you don’t believe us, remember this: In the end, success in college isn’t determined by where you go, but what you do with your undergraduate experience. You can find success wherever you choose if you look hard enough. Figure out what your non-negotiables are and use those to narrow down your list. Then make a choice from there. You’ll be A-okay. 2. It’s alright if you change your mind. College is a time to gain new experiences and insights, and this means you’ll learn more about yourself. It’s totally normal for your goals and priorities to change along the way. Usually, the two decisions students stress about most are 1) which college to go to and 2) what to major in. Remember that you can change your mind about both of these things. A lot of people transfer to a new school or change their major if things aren’t working out. You probably even know somebody who’s done so. The path you’re envisioning now is bound to change at some point, and that’s okay. Maybe you’ll discover a passion for social work you didn’t know you had, or maybe you’ll realize you don’t actually like being so far from the city. Maybe youll decide you want to pursue art, or maybe you’re over that making-statues-out-of-insect-wings-and-mayonnaise phase of your life. Whatever the case, you can always restructure your plan. 3. You’re not alone. Everyone who has received their acceptance letters is here with you. Some students’ decisions might be harder than others, but everyone has to make a choice. If they can do it, so can you. The good thing is that tons of people are here to help you make your decision easier. Talk to your high school counselor, a teacher, a close friend, a relative, or your faithful toy elephant. They can listen as you work out your thoughts and give you the perspective that’s so often lacking in times of anxiety. Whether you’re choosing between 12 colleges or 2, over a million different paths lie ahead of you. No one right answer exists, because you can find happiness in so many different places. Always, always, always remember how many good options you have and that you can make a change if things aren’t working out. Best of luck in your choosing, and enjoy the paths that follow. admitted planning Illinois Admissions We're here for you as you prepare for college. Whether you're looking for guidance on the college search process or have questions about Illinois, we hope our blogs will help!

What is a Mandative Subjunctive Definition and Examples

The use of the subjunctive mood in a subordinate clause that follows an expression of command, demand, or recommendation. Like the formulaic subjunctive, the mandative subjunctive consists of the base form of the verb. It is distinctive only in the third-person singular of the present tense. (In other words, the -s ending is omitted.) In the Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar (1994), Chalker and Weiner note that the mandative subjunctive has made a considerable comeback in British English in recent years, probably under American influence. Yet in all varieties of English, the mandative subjunctive is far more common in writing than in speech. Examples and Observations: High school counselors recommended she go to vocational school instead of college, even though she was in the National Honor Society.(Sylvia Mendoza, The Book of Latina Women. Adams Media, 2004)[T]he Judge was chipper as he insisted that the Carrot Orange Bisque be the first course for the anniversary celebration.(Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, and Diana von Welanetz Wentworth, Chicken Soup for the Soul Cookbook. HCI Books, 1995)Dr. King felt his training demanded that he bring to the Dexter Avenue congregation the greatest social gospel and action program it had ever experienced.(Ralph Abernathy, quoted by David Garrow in Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. HarperCollins, 1986)But Ive never even tried to write a story, Ellison protested when Wright suggested he take up writing.(Ralph Ellison, quoted by Timothy Parrish in Ralph Ellison and the Genius of America. University of Massachusetts Press, 2012) Regional Trends in the Use of the Mandative Subjunctive Divergent regional trends in the use of the subjunctive have been noted by a number of modern English grammarians. Use of the mandative subjunctive, i.e. after expressions of demand, recommendation, intention, etc., seems to have varied considerably. AmE is strongly inclined to use the mandative subjunctive, as in I recommend that he talk to a specialist, while BrE prefers the periphrastic construction with the modal auxiliary should, as in I recommend that he should talk to a specialist.Australian use of the mandative subjunctive lies somewhere between that of AmE and BrE, in comparative corpus data used by Peters (1998a). (Peter Collins and Pam Peters, Australian English: Morphology and Syntax. A Handbook of Varieties of English: A Multi-Media Reference Tool, ed. by Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider. Mouton de Gruyter, 2005) The Future of the Mandative Subjunctive [MS] in World English [T]he future of MS still looks rather constrained. It is still largely confined to institutional kinds of speech, and not readily used in ordinary conversation. The linguistic constraints on its use include the fact that the suasive verbs like demand which currently show the highest frequencies of MS also have rather specialized uses, because of the unequal interpersonal relationship they presuppose, and discoursal settings in which they can be used. Even where it is demonstrably still current usage, MS seems to be marked rather than stylistically neutral. . . . Its popularity probably varies within particular English-speaking communities, which may lead to declining use over the course of time. (Pam Peters, The Mandative Subjunctive in Spoken English. Comparative Studies in Australian and New Zealand English: Grammar and Beyond, ed. by Pam Peters, Peter Collins, and Adam Smith. John Benjamins, 2009)

quot;The Ravenquot; - a Critical Deconstruction Essay...

Edgar Allen Poes journey into the realm of death, fear and the macabre, The Raven is an exploration into the loneliness and despair associated with the loss of a loved one. Through the clever use of rhyme, meter, imagery, symbolism and word choice, Poe catapults us into a world of sinister images, morbid predilections and unearthly machinations. We are, at once, submerged in the pulsing, driving force of supernatural fear as only Poe is able to create. And with every use of the haunting refrain Nevermore, upon which the chilling cadence of this poem is built, Poe transforms a story steeped in remorse and sorrow into a tale of preternatural mystery and suspense. The first, and most powerful literary device that Poe†¦show more content†¦With the use of the alliteration weak and weary, in addition to the internal rhyme of dreary and weary, we are instantly struck by the tone of the poem as being one of loneliness, grief and depression. In the second stanza, we are more fully enlightened to the setting from which these emotions stem. With the use of such phrases like bleak December and dying ember, Poe conveys the speakers internal state with the use of external clues. In both cases, the word choice seems to transmit feelings of isolation and misery from which the speaker wishes to find relief. And, it is here that we are first introduced to the reason for his sorrow, his lost love Lenore. It is from this base of raw emotion and desolate misery that the poem garners speed and evolves. Poes use of symbolism is another potent tool with which he imparts the meaning and depth of the poem. First and foremost, we must decipher the significance and implication of the raven itself. The embodiment of death, the bird signifies the very issue with which the speaker is grappling. In the suggestion that the bird has come from the Nights Plutonian shore, Poe calls upon the myth of Pluto, the God of the Underworld, the land of the dead in Greek mythology. The Raven, therefore, may be thought of as a creature from the land of the dead. The corresponding relevance of this in the poem is that his loss and grief have taken on a living and

The Background of Ingvar Kamprad Free Essays

I’m gonna talk about Ingvar Kamprad. He was born 30th  Mars, 1926 in Kronobergs municipality. He’s a Swedish entrepreneur and founder of the furniture chain IKEA. We will write a custom essay sample on The Background of Ingvar Kamprad or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ingvar founded IKEA in 1943 and the name stands for his initials and address. – Ingvar Kamprad, Elmtaryd, Agunnaryd. (Write up on whiteboard. ) – Kamprad is currently ranked as one of the wealthiest people in the world. In July 2012, the time script Bloomberg estimated that his net worth was up to 42. 6 billion dollars, which makes him the 5th richest person in the world. Kamprad was born in Pjatteryd, Sweden. He was raised on a farm called Elmtaryd near the small village of Agunnaryd in Ljungby municipality in the province of Smaland. His grandfather was from Germany but moved to Sweden with his family. Kamprad is very well-known for his â€Å"cheapness. † He drives a 1993 Volvo 240, flies only economic class and encourages IKEA employees always to write on both sides of a piece of paper. Kamprad explains his social philosophy like this: â€Å"Testament of a Furniture Dealer†: â€Å"It is not only for cost reasons that we avoid the luxury hotels. We don’t need flashy cars, impressive titles, uniforms or other status symbols. We rely on our strength and our will! † Kamprad began to develop a business as a young boy, selling matches to neighbors from his bicycle. He found that he could buy matches in bulk very cheap from Stockholm, sell them himself and make a good profit. From matches, he started selling fish, Christmas tree decorations and seeds. And now I’m gonna talk about the history of IKEA. As I mentioned earlier, Kamprad started selling matches at the age of five and by the age of seven he started selling further from his home, using his bicycle. In the 1940s Kamprad started developing IKEA into a furniture retailer. In the 1960s IKEA started getting bigger and the big products such as POANG and BILLY started developing. In the 1980s IKEA expands into new markets in USA, Italy, France and the UK. In 1990s children’s IKEA is introduced, and in 2000’s IKEA expands into even more markets such as Japan and Russia. And now I’m going to talk about the qualities of Ingvar Kamprad as an entrepreneur. Well, one thing that I find very important is the fact that he actually shows that even though you’re extremely rich, you still don’t have to live a glamorous life. As I’ve mentioned, he drives an old Volvo and travels economic class. By this it encourages the employees to do the same thing, to live cheap. And this is why I think IKEA’s been such a huge success. You can of course argue that he’s been at the right place at the right time, but I think that’s his kind of spirit that moves the company forward. Thank you. How to cite The Background of Ingvar Kamprad, Papers

The Effects of Classical Music on Cognition free essay sample

Alma of project To test the effects of classical music from the Baroque era on the short term memory and mathematical problem solving components of cognition. * Hypotheses Primary Hypothesis * The spring segment from the classical Baroque composition Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi, improves the short term memory and mathematical problem solving components of cognition respectively. Secondary Hypothesis * The short term memory component of cognition will show a higher Improvement as a result of stimulation by the classical Baroque music than the mathematical problem solving component of cognition. * IntroductionThe Mozart effect, a widely debated topic between 1990 and 1999, was what many researchers used to describe the effects of classical music on cognitive abilities. The relationship between music and learning has been an area of Interest for researchers for many years. Some studies have shown that music can enhance cognitive abilities and others have shown that it can interfere with complex cognitive processes but not simple processes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Classical Music on Cognition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 2004, researchers conducted a study that presented the effect of Mozart music on learning, The effect demonstrated that there may be an important relationship between certain types of music (e. Classical) and learning. The proposed Increase In the construction of alpha waves may result In positive learning ability. Other studies on the Mozart Effect, however, have produced inconsistent results, often showing no significant increase in cognitive abilities. The effect of classical music on heart rate is what led me to believe that classical music from the Baroque era could enhance learning abilities. Baroque music is the style of Western art music composed from approximately 1600 to 1750. It is often composed of a very complex combination on dramatic high and low notes, played in kick succession.It is believed that Baroque music triggers the left and right sides of the brain, which stimulates and optimizes learning and information retention. The stimulation of the brain as a result of classical music can be associated with lowering of heart rate when listening to classical music. The listeners heart beats slower and as a result of this their respiratory system functions at a more relaxed pace as well. They take deeper breaths resulting more oxygenated blood (as opposed to when not listening to classical music) reaching the brain and stimulating cerebral activity.The listeners blood pressure also drops as a result of the relaxed heart rate and they feel less stressed and more confident when carrying out tasks especially useful to students as it could help them retain more informa tion in less time resulting in higher test scores. By conducting a survey to determine whether or not students use classical music to enhance cognitive abilities and an experiment to determine if classical does in fact enhance cognitive abilities, I hope introduce a method of cerebral stimulation capable of improving the problem solving and short-term memory components of ignition to improve students academic abilities. Variables * Independent Variable: Whether or not the classical music is being played. * Dependent Variables: Amount of correctly solved equations correctly : Amount of words remembered : Effect of classical music on heart rate * Controlled/Constant variables: The test subjects (test subjects must have completed both sections of the test) seconds) equations look at : Period for which music is played (30 : Difficulty of : Amount of time test subject is given to word lists (1 5 seconds) : The amount of words on the word : The classical composition played to test object (Spring by Antonio Vivaldi) at which test subjects heart rates are taken. Method : The periods l. Test subject is given a form consisting of three parts: A questionnaire for survey purposes, Test 1 to be completed with no stimuli; consisting of test 1 . 1: Simple Equations and test 1. 2: Memory and Test 2 to be completed using the composition segment Spring by Antonio Vivaldi as stimulus; consisting of test 2. 1 : Simple Equations and test 2. 2: Memory. II. Test subject is given unlimited amount of time to complete questionnaire section of form for survey purposes. This includes the following questions: a.Do you use any other kind of stimuli to improve your cognitive abilities? (If Yes, please elaborate) b. Do you listen to music while studying or doing homework? (If yes, why and what kind of music? ) c. Do you listen to classical music on a regular basis? (Why or why not? ) Ill. The test subjects heart rate in beats per minute is taken using the Android Cardiograph application by MACROSCOPIC. IV. The test subject is timed while completing four simple algebraic equations taken from the eighth grade algebra a) x+7=1 5 b) 1 5-y=45 c) 1 5-P=30 d) 12+f=100 V.The time taken for the test subject to complete this section is recorded. VI. The test subject is given a list of ten words and fifteen seconds to memories as many of the words as possible. List consists of the following words. * Hammer * Number * Fish * Purple * Bag * Ribbon * Mouse * Slippers * Finger * Doll VI. The test subject is instructed to say stop when they cannot remember any more words. VIII. The test subject is timed while writing down as many of the words as they can remember X. The time taken for the test subject to complete this section is recorded.X. The test subject listens to thirty seconds of the spring segment of Antonio Vivaldi Four Seasons composition. X. The test subjects heart rate in beats per minute is taken using the Android Cardiograph application by MACROSCOPIC XII. The test subject is timed while completing four simple algebraic equations taken from the eighth grade algebra section of www. Antihistamines. Com , the following equations must be completed: a) 13+1?20 b) 4-k=16 c) a+17=80 d) c-4=8 XIII. The time taken for the test subject to complete this section is recorded. XIV.Increase I Same I Decrease * Analysis In the math section five of the ten test subjects (50%) had no change in their marks Ninth and without classical music. Four (40%) experienced a decrease in the second math section of the test and only one (10%) experienced an increase. This shows that In the five test subjects who experienced a change in mathematical cognition) the classical music actually decreased majority of the test subjects mathematical cognitive ability during the period of the test. 0% of the test subjects experienced an Increase in the amount of time they took to complete the equations (respective of Neither the answers were correct or not) and 30% experienced a decrease in the amount of time they took. In the memory section three test subjects (30%) remembered the same amount of Norms in both sections, while only one (10%) could remember an increased amount of Norms and the other six (60%) remembered fewer words. By this it can be concluded that the classical music did not enhance the short term memory aspect of cognition either. Six students reached the maximum amount of words they could remember in smaller amount of time with the classical music, and four took longer to reach the maximum amount of remembered words. One of the trends I noted in the experiment was that the increase in test scores here increases occurred where at higher percentages than the decreases; which could be seen in the short term memory cognition test; a student experiencing an example, whilst the percentages of the decreased test scores showed decreases of marginally smaller amounts like 10% in most cases.There appeared to be no trend in the increase or the decrease of the students heart rates and the test scores as students with an increased heart rate experienced increases as well as decreases in test scores and students a decreased heart rate experienced the same phenomenon This opposes the belief that a more relaxed or more anxious state influences cognitive abilities, and instead leads me to believe that each individuals cogniti ve abilities function at different optimal levels depending on the individuals preferences I. E. Whether they prefer to work under pressure or not.There also appeared to be no relation between the test subjects prior use of classical music as stimuli and the results of the experiment, as the 20% of test subjects who had used classical music as stimuli experienced similar effects to the 80% who had tot. Ere findings of this experiment have led me to believe that the supposed effect of classical music from the baroque era on cognition can be explained by a phenomenon similar to the placebo effect; that the effect of the classical music on cognition is entirely dependent on the test subjects individual belief in the classical musics ability to improve their cognition. If I were to repeat the experiment I would use a larger group of test subjects and different genres of music to determine if music has any effect on cognitive abilities and increase the accuracy of my results. The experiment could have been limited by the fact that test subjects would already have varying individual cognitive abilities and different levels of academic abilities. So the effect of the classical music could only be explained for each individual and not students in general. Conclusion Through my experiment and my analysis I was able to conclude that classical music has negative effects on the short term memory and mathematical problem solving components of cognition, because of this my primary hypothesis has been disproved. Ere secondary hypothesis of this experiment has been disproved as well, as neither impotent of cognition showed a overall increase in the test subjects so the short term memory component of cognition does not show a bigger improvement than the mathema tical problem solving component. References * Bowman, B. (2007). Does listening to Mozart affect listening ability? International Urinal of Listening, 21, ALL-139. * Festoon, S. (1973). Music as a distracted on reading-test Performance of eighth grade students. Perceptual and I Motor skills, 36, 1265-1266 * Hall, J. (1952) The affect of background music on the reading comprehension of 278 eighth and ninth * Journal of Educational Research, 45,ALL-458. Hall, S. The effects of background music on primary school Pupils task performance. Educational Studies, 28, 113-121. * Jackson, C. 2004). Route learning and the Mozart effect. Psychology of Music , * Acknowledgements would like to thank the following test subjects for their participation in this experiment by taking part in all components of the form handed to them: * Chance Fishhook * Noblemen Abide * Casey Pierce * Tootles Fakir * Dados Therefore * That Mongolia * Shawn Petersen * National Moles * Yeshiva Pictograms * Robin Arnold * Shania Modally * Ethyl Hubbard.